برآورد فرسایش خاک با استفاده از مدل‌های MPSIAC و RUSLE و روش تحلیل منطقه‌ای در حوزه آبخیز سد چشمه عاشق، نیریز، استان

نویسندگان
حسن مقیم 1
سید مسعود سلیمانپور 2
مهرسا محسنی 3
1 اداره کل منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری استان فارس
2 استادیار بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات، آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس.
3 دانش‌آموخته کارشناس ارشد خاک‌شناسی، مهندسین مشاور پورآب.
چکیده
سدهای ذخیره­ای آب به‌عنوان سازه‌­های راهبردی هر کشور به شمار می­آیند. یکی از مسائلی که همواره در خصوص این‌گونه سدها مطرح است، موضوع فرسایش خاک در حوزه آبخیز آن­‌ها و انتقال رسوب ایجادشده به مخزن سدها می­باشد. سد چشمه عاشق نی­ریز در استان فارس، یکی از این سدهاست. به­منظور سیاست‌گذاری و برنامه‌­ریزی در راستای حفاظت خاک در حوزه آبخیز این سد و جلوگیری از تولید و انتقال رسوب به مخزن آن، مطالعات فرسایش و رسوب و برآورد آن‌­ها به‌منظور طراحی و اجرای اقدامات حفاظتی مناسب برای اولین بار در این حوزه آبخیز با مدل­‌های RUSLE و MPSIAC و هم‌چنین روش تحلیل منطقه‌­ای انجام گردید. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد، بر اساس مدل­‌های MPSIAC  و  RUSLE میزان رسوب ویژه به ترتیب 1/58 و 3/17 تن در هکتار در سال برآورد شده است. با توجه به اینکه نتیجه به‌دست‌آمده از روش تحلیل منطقه‌­ای بر مبنای ایستگاه گوزون میزان رسوب ویژه 3/5 تن در هکتار در سال برآورد گردیده ­است، می‌­توان نتیجه گرفت برآورد به‌دست‌آمده از مدل RUSLE به میزان محاسبه‌شده از روش تحلیل منطقه­‌ای نزدیک­تر است. ازاین‌رو، می­توان گفت برای برآورد میزان رسوب و اقدامات حفاظت خاک آتی در حوزه آبخیز سد چشمه عاشق، نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از مدل RUSLE نسبت به مدل MPSIAC از کارآمدی بیش‌تری برخوردار است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
رسوب
رسوب‌دهی
کارایی مدل
مدل‌های فرسایشی
معادله جهانی فرسایش خاک
نسبت تحویل رسوب

عنوان مقاله English

Estimation of Soil Erosion Using MPSIAC, RUSLE Models and Regional Analysis Method in the Watershed of Cheshme Ashegh Dam, Neyriz, Fars Province

نویسندگان English

hassan moghim 1
S.M. Soleimanpour 2
M. Mohseni 3
1 General office of natural resources and watershed management of Fars province
چکیده English

Water storage dams are considered as strategic constructions of every country. The issue of soil erosion in the watershed of the mentioned dams and the transfer of produced sediment to the reservoir of the dams is one of the issues that is always raised regarding these types of dams. Cheshme Ashegh dam in Fars province is one of the mentioned dams. In the present study, erosion and sediment studies and estimation has been carried out for the first time in this watershed by RUSLE and MPSIAC models as well as the regional analysis method for the aim of design and implementation of suitable conservation measures as well as making policy and plan for soil conservation in the watershed of the dam and preventing the production and transfer of sediment to its reservoir. The results of this research showed that, based on the MPSIAC and RUSLE models, the amount of special sediment is estimated by 1.58 and 3.17 ton/ha/y, respectively. Considering that the result obtained from the regional analysis method based on Gozoon station, the amount of special sediment is estimated by 3.5 ton/ha/y, it can be said that the result of the estimation obtained from the RUSLE model is closer to the amount calculated from the regional analysis method. Therefore, it can be said that the results obtained from the RUSLE model are more efficient than the MPSIAC model for estimating the amount of sediment and future soil conservation measures in the Cheshme Ashagh Dam watershed.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Erosion model
Model efficiency
Sediment delivery ratio
Sediment yield
Universal soil loss equation
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