مطالعه روش‌های پهنه‌بندی و عوامل مؤثر بر خطر وقوع زمین‌لغزش در حوزه آبخیز طالقان طی دو دهه اخیر

نویسندگان
سید عطااله حسینی 1
امیرحسین خطکه 2
مریم سلیمی 2
1 استاد گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران.
2 گروه آموزشی جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
زمین­‌لغزش یکی از مهم­ترین عوامل تخریب حوزه آبخیز می‌باشد. فراوانی وقوع زمین‌­لغزش­‌ها در دامنه‌­های شیب­دار و مرطوب متشکل از سازندهای حساس بیش‌تر است. حوزه آبخیز طالقان باوجود مساحت قابل‌توجهی از مارن‌های میوسن و رطوبت طبیعی بالای حاصل از تراکم زیاد شبکه زهکشی و احداث سد طالقان از مستعدترین نواحی لغزشی در دامنه‌های جنوبی رشته‌کوه البرز به شمار می­رود. بررسی سوابق مطالعات مربوط به حوزه آبخیز طالقان نشان می‌دهد، مطالعات قدیمی‌تر با ابزارهای ساده و کیفی و بر اساس تجربیات کارشناسان صورت گرفته است، درحالی‌که امروزه این شیوه‌ها جای خود را به مطالعات کمّی آماری و روش­‌های مبتنی بر تعلیم ماشین داده است که بررسی روند تکاملی ابزارهای پهنه‌بندی خطر زمین‌لغزش در طالقان نیز گویای این مهم است. در این مطالعه مروری بر کاربرد روش­‌های پهنه‌­بندی و عوامل مؤثر بر وقوع زمین‌لغزش طی حدود دو دهه گذشته شده است و پس از بررسی تعدادی مقاله تحقیقی مجزا، سیر تکاملی ابزارهای پهنه‌­بندی خطر زمین‌­لغزش در حوزه آبخیز طالقان موردبررسی قرارگرفته است. نتایج بررسی­‌ها نشان داد، مدل‌های آماری قابلیت بهتر و کاربرد بیش‌تری نسبت به مدل­های ابتکاری و روش‌­های کیفی و نیمه کمّی داشته‌اند و این نکته قابل‌توجه است که سرعت استفاده از روش‌های مبتنی بر تعلیم ماشین و منطق فازی بیش‌تر بوده و این نتیجه به‌وضوح در مطالعات انجام‌شده در این حوضه به‌ویژه طی پنج سال اخیر دیده می‌شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
ابنیه فنی
سد طالقان
حرکت‌های توده‌ای
حفاظت خاک
مخاطرات طبیعی

عنوان مقاله English

Study of the Goals and Methods of Landslide Risk Zoning in Taleghan Watershed during the Last Two Decades

نویسندگان English

Seyed Ata ollah Hosseini 1
amirhossein khetkeh 2
maryam salimi 2
1 Professor of Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran.
2 Educational Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran
چکیده English

Landslides are one of the most important factors in the destruction of watersheds. The frequency of landslides is higher in sloping and wet slopes consisting of sensitive formations or due to human activities. Taleghan watershed is known as one of the most prone landslides in the southern slopes of Alborz mountain range, despite the significant area of Miocene marls and high natural humidity due to high density of drainage network and construction of Taleghan dam. A review of the records of studies related to the Taleghan watershed shows that older studies have been done with simple and qualitative tools and based on the experiences of experts, while today these methods have given way to quantitative statistical studies and methods based on machine learning. The evolution of landslide risk zoning tools in Taleghan also demonstrates this importance. In this study, while reviewing the research objectives, we have reviewed the application of methods over the past two decades and after reviewing 15 separate research articles, the evolution of landslide risk zoning tools in the Taleghan watershed has been investigated. The results showed that statistical models were better and more applicable than innovative models and qualitative and semi-quantitative methods, but it is noteworthy that the speed of using methods based on machine training and fuzzy logic was higher and This result is clearly seen in studies conducted in this basin (especially during the last five years).

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Natural hazards
Mass movements
Soil protection
Taleghan dam
Technical building
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