ارزیابی و تخمین شدت فرسایش خاک در زیر حوضه چهل گزی استان کردستان.

نویسندگان
سید پدرام نی نیوا 1
عاطفه ستاروند 2
1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم و مهندسی آبخیز، دانشکده مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکتری علوم و مهندسی آبخیز، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.
چکیده

چکیده
فرسایش خاک و تخریب اراضی از مشکلات جدی تلقی می‌‌شود، به‌منظور اجرای برنامه‌های حفاظت و کنترل فرسایش خاک و کاهش رسوب‌دهی ضروری است که حجم کل بار رسوبی و شدت فرسایش‌پذیری در حوزه‌های آبخیز مورد ارزیابی قرار گیرد. بر این اساس هدف اصلی این مطالعه ارزیابی میزان فرسایش خاک با استفاده از یک مدل تجربی یعنی مدل پتانسیل فرسایش (EPM) است. منطقه موردمطالعه زیر حوضه چهل‌گزی استان کردستان به‌عنوان یکی از زیر حوضه‌های تأمین آب سد قشلاق است. در این پژوهش با استفاده از نرم‌افزار ArcGIS به ترتیب به تهیه نقشه ضرایب فرسایش خاک (مشاهده‌ای)، حساسیت سنگ و خاک، شیب حوضه، کاربری اراضی و شدت فرسایش پرداخته شد و در ادامه با استفاده از ضرایب موجود و هم‌چنین ضرایب دما و بارندگی منطقه، نقشه فرسایش کل حوضه بر اساس دستورالعمل مدل تهیه شد. نتایج مطالعه گویای این بود که طبقه‌بندی خطر فرسایش در حوضه دارای چهار وضعیت کم‌، متوسط، شدید و بسیار شدید می‌باشد که ٤٩/٦٣ درصد زیر حوضه در وضعیت خطر فرسایش زیاد و بسیار زیاد می‌باشد. درنهایت، نقشه خطر فرسایش پیشنهادی با مدل مذکور، می‌تواند علاوه بر غنای مطالعاتی زیر حوضه، محققان و تصمیم گیران را در طراحی و اجرای مداخلات مؤثر مدیریت آب‌وخاک در منطقه موردمطالعه کمک نماید.
کلیدواژه‌ها
پهنه‌بندی فرسایش
هدررفت خاک
سد وحدت (قشلاق)
میزان فرسایش
مدل کمی EPM

عنوان مقاله English

Evaluation and estimation of the intensity of soil erosion under Chehelgazi Sub-Watershed of Kurdistan province

نویسندگان English

Seyed Pedram Nainiva 1
Atefe Satarvand 2
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resource (GUASNR), Iran
2 PhD student of Watershed Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
چکیده English

Soil erosion and land degradation are considered serious problems, in order to implement soil erosion protection and control programs and reduce sedimentation, it is necessary to evaluate the total volume of sediment load and the intensity of erodibility in watersheds. according to this, the main goal of this study is to evaluate the amount of soil erosion using an experimental model, the Erosion Potential Model (EPM). The studied area is Chehlgezi subbasin of Kurdistan province as one of the water supply sub-basins of Qeshlaq Dam. In this research, by using ArcGIS software, a map of soil erosion coefficients (observation), rock and soil sensitivity, basin slope, land use and erosion intensity was prepared respectively, and then using the existing coefficients as well as the temperature and rainfall coefficients of the region. , the erosion map of the entire basin was prepared based on the instructions of the model. The results of the study showed that the classification of erosion risk in the basin has four conditions: low, medium, severe and very severe, and 63.49% of the sub-basin is in the state of high and very high erosion risk. Finally, the proposed erosion risk map with the mentioned model can help researchers and decision makers in designing and implementing effective soil and water management interventions in the study area, in addition to the wealth of studies in the sub-basin.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Erosion Zoning
EPM
Soil Loss
Vahdat Dam (Qeshlaq)
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