Evaluation and estimation of the intensity of soil erosion under Chehelgazi Sub-Watershed of Kurdistan province

Authors
Seyed Pedram Nainiva 1
Atefe Satarvand 2
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resource (GUASNR), Iran
2 PhD student of Watershed Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
Abstract
Soil erosion and land degradation are considered serious problems, in order to implement soil erosion protection and control programs and reduce sedimentation, it is necessary to evaluate the total volume of sediment load and the intensity of erodibility in watersheds. according to this, the main goal of this study is to evaluate the amount of soil erosion using an experimental model, the Erosion Potential Model (EPM). The studied area is Chehlgezi subbasin of Kurdistan province as one of the water supply sub-basins of Qeshlaq Dam. In this research, by using ArcGIS software, a map of soil erosion coefficients (observation), rock and soil sensitivity, basin slope, land use and erosion intensity was prepared respectively, and then using the existing coefficients as well as the temperature and rainfall coefficients of the region. , the erosion map of the entire basin was prepared based on the instructions of the model. The results of the study showed that the classification of erosion risk in the basin has four conditions: low, medium, severe and very severe, and 63.49% of the sub-basin is in the state of high and very high erosion risk. Finally, the proposed erosion risk map with the mentioned model can help researchers and decision makers in designing and implementing effective soil and water management interventions in the study area, in addition to the wealth of studies in the sub-basin.
Keywords
Erosion Zoning
EPM
Soil Loss
Vahdat Dam (Qeshlaq)
  1. Ahmadi, H. 2007. Applied geomorphology. first volume (water erosion). Tehran University Press. (In Persian)
  2. Ansari Lari, A., and Ansari. M. 2017. Evaluation of soil erosion risk and sedimentation potential of Gabrik catchment area of Hormozgan province using EPM model. Journal of Natural Environmental Hazards, 6(11): 1-14 (In Persian).
  3. Bayat, R., Arab Khedri, M., Behnam, N., Dear, Z. 2020. Investigating the effectiveness of EPM and MPSIAC models in determining the erosion status of Shahriari watershed. Journal of Spatial Analysis of Environmental Hazards, 7(3): 1-16. (In Persian)
  4. Dastranj Asadi Nelivan, O., Falah Saleh Nasab, A., and Jafari, Sh. 2015. Estimation of annual erosion and sedimentation using EPM and GIS model (case study: Zaydasht area, Taleghan). Hydrogeomorphology, 2(4): 39-55. (In Persian)
  5. Dengiz, O., Bayramin, İ., and Yuksel, M. 2003. Geographic information system and remote sensing based land evaluation of Beypazarı area soils by ILSEN model. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 27(3): 145-153.‏
  6. Devent, J., and Poesen, J. 2005. Peredictig Soil erosion and sediment yield at the basin scale. Scale issues and and semi-quanlitation Model, Earth Science. 20:1-31.
  7. Elbadaoui, K., Mansour, S., Ikirri, M., Abdelrahman, K., Abu-Alam, T., and Abioui, M. 2023. Integrating Erosion Potential Model (EPM) and PAP/RAC Guidelines for Water Erosion Mapping and Detection of Vulnerable Areas in the Toudgha River Watershed of the Central High Atlas. Morocco. Land. 12(4): 837.‏
  8. Gavrilovic, Z. 1988. Use of an empirical method (Erosion Potential Method) for calculating sediment production and transportation in unstudied or torrential streams. International Conference on River Regime. Hydraulics Research Limited. Wallingford, Oxon UK. 411-422.

9.Ghafari, G. 2018. Erosion intensity zoning by using SWAT model in Gheshlagh Dam Basin. Geography and Development. 50: 55-74. (In Persian)

  1. Hassanzadeh, H., Akbari, G. 2021. Estimation of erosion and destruction of the catchment area of Bidovaz dam using EPM model and GIS software, Master's thesis. Bojnord University. (In Persian)
  2. Jafari, T., Naimi Tabar, M., Zakarian, S.A. 2018. Quantitative evaluation of water soil erosion with EPM model (case study: Badranlu watershed). Journal of Geography and Environmental Planning, 70(2):
  3. Kairis, O., Karavitis, C., Kounalaki, A, Salvati, L., and Kosmas, C. 2013. The effect of land management practices on soil erosion and land desertification in an olive grove. Soil Use and Management, 29(4): 597-606.
  4. Mazaheri, H.A. 1996. A study on swimmin and zoning of areas sensitive to erosion i the Abshineh River catchment, Master's thesis. Faculty of Humanities. Tarbiat Modares University. (In Persian)
  5. Mohseni, B., Qudosi, J., Ahmadi, H., and Tahmasabi, R. 2019. Evaluation of the accuracy and efficiency of EPM, MPSIAC. geomorphological and hydrophysical models in estimating erosion and sedimentation, Geography and Development, 22: 107- 127. (In Persian)
  6. Moradi, S, Mohammadi Limaei, S, Khanmohammadi, M, and Lohmander, P. 2014. Estimation of erosion and sediment production with EPM model in Zamkan watershed using GIS, Environmental Erosion Research, 5(1): 13-26. (In Persian)
  7. Nainiva, S.P, and Jalilian, S. 2020. Determining the Capability of Agricultural Lands and the Degree of Compliance with the Principles of Environmental Management (Case Study: the Chehelgazi Sub-basin, Kurdistan Province), comprehensive management of watersheds, 1(2): 83-94 . (In Persian)
  8. Nainiva, S.P., Shahidi, K., Zahedi, S., and Entezami, H. 2019. Estimation of snowmelt runoff in water requirement of farmland in Chehelgazi Sub-basin, Kurdistan Province, scientific-research journal of watershed engineering and management, 12(4): 962-976. (In Persian)
  9. Rajabi, M.A, Yavari, A, and Seluki, H. 2018. Application of EPM model in soil erosion evaluation (case study, Shazand area). Iranian Geology Quarterly, pp. 89-98. (In Persian)
  10. Refahi, H.Gh. 2009. Water erosion and its control, 6th edition. Tehran University Press. Tehran. (In Persian)
  11. Sadeghi, S.H.R., Gholami, L., and Khalidi-Darvishan, A. 2007. Comparison of methods of estimation of sediment delivery ratio of storm surge in the Chehlgezi watershed of Qashlaq Dam, Kurdistan Province. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Industries. Special for Water and Soil, 22(1): 150-141. (In Persian)
  12. Sakuno, N. R. R., Guiçardi, A. C. F., Spalevic, V., Avanzi, J. C., Silva, M. L. N., and Mincato, R. L. 2020. Adaptation and application of the erosion potential method for tropical soils. Revista Ciência Agronômica, 51.‏
  13. Shahabi, H., Salari, M., Ahmad, B. B., and Mohammadi, A. 2016. Soil erosion hazard mapping in central Zab Basin using EPM model in gis environment. International Journal of Geography and Geology, 5(11): 224-235.‏
  14. Shersta, M.K. 2001. Soil erosion modeling using remote sensing and GIS, Case study of Jhikhu Khola watershed, Nepal.
  15. Stefanidis, S., Chatzichristaki, C., and Stefanidis, P. 2021. An ArcGIS toolbox for estimation and mapping soil erosion. J. Environ. Prot. Ecol, 22:689-696.‏
  16. Tangestani, M.H. 2006. Comparison of EPM and PSIAC models in GIS for erosion and sediment yield assessment in a semi-arid environment: Afzar catchment, Fars Province. Iran Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 27(5): 585-597.

26. Timuri, F,  and Bazarafshan, A, 2017. Comparing the efficiency of RUSLE and EPM models in estimating soil erosion and sedimentation rate based on the sediment gauge curve (case study: Jask-Gabrik watershed). New Applied Geology Findings. 12(23): 50-62. (In Persian)