ارزیابی و پهنه‌بندی کیفیت منابع آب زیرزمینی با تأکید بر مصارف شرب، کشاورزی و صنعت در حوزه آبخیز کرمان‌باغین، استان کرمان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
سید مسعود سلیمان‌پور 1
سکینه لطفی نسب 2
امید رحمتی 3
محبوبه معتمدنیا 4
1 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج
2 استادیار بخش تحقیقات بیابان، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.
3 استادیار بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کردستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و
4 دکتری تخصصی، اداره منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری شهرستان بافق، استان یزد، ایران.
چکیده
آب‌های زیرزمینی یک منبع اساسی و حیاتی برای انسان در سراسر کره زمین است. به همین منظور حفظ کیفیت آب‌های زیرزمینی و پایش مداوم تغییرات کیفی آن به دنبال توسعه ناپایدار جوامع انسانی امری ضروری می‌باشد. پژوهش حاضر باهدف ارزیابی و پهنه­بندی کیفیت منابع آب زیرزمینی با تأکید بر مصارف شرب، کشاورزی و صنعت در حوزه آبخیز کرمان‌باغین استان کرمان انجام‌شده است. اطلاعات کیفیت شیمیایی منابع آب زیرزمینی از 1825 نمونه چاه‌های عمیق، نیمه عمیق، چشمه‌ها و قنات طی دوره آماری 17 ساله (1398-1381) دریافت شد. پارامترهای کیفی آب ازجمله کاتیون‌ها، آنیون‌ها، هدایت الکتریکی، مجموع املاح محلول، میزان اسیدیته آب، درصد سدیم، درصد سدیم جذبی، کربنات، نیترات، سولفات و کلر به تفکیک دوره‌های آماری 87-81، 92-88 و 97-93 تعیین شدند. درنهایت برای ارزیابی وضعیت کیفی آب و نوع مصرف منابع آب زیرزمینی ازلحاظ شرب، کشاورزی و صنعت، به ترتیب از نمودارهای شولر و ویلکاکس و شاخص‌های اشباع لانژلیه و پایداری رایزنر استفاده شد. نتایج کیفیت آب ازلحاظ شرب برای دوره‌های 87-1381، 92-1388 و 97-1393 در طبقه‌ی قابل‌قبول شولر با بیش‌ترین میزان  09/32 درصد قرار گرفتند. مطابق نمودار ویلکاکس، در اکثر دوره‌های موردبررسی و منابع سنجش کیفیت در کلاس C3-S1 قرار دارد؛ به عبارتی، آب این محدوده دارای کیفیت متوسط بوده و برای کشاورزی قابل‌استفاده می‌باشد. کیفیت خیلی شور نامناسب با میزان  90/52 درصد بیش‌ترین میزان داشته است. ازلحاظ مصرف صنعتی بر اساس دو شاخص، نتایج متفاوت بوده؛ بر طبق شاخص اشباع لانژلیه، اکثر منابع آب زیرزمینی تمایل به رسوب‌گذاری با بیش‌ترین میزان 89/52 درصد دارند درحالی‌که شاخص پایداری رایزنر، منابع آبی را رسوب‌گذار با میزان 39/97 درصد ارزیابی کرده است. پایش تغییرات مکانی و زمانی کیفیت آب‌های زیرزمینی چشم‌انداز روشنی را به مدیران و متخصصان برای تحلیل روند کیفیت و خطر آلودگی منابع آب ارائه می‌دهد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
تغییرات زمانی و مکانی
رسوب‌گذاری
شاخص‌های کیفی آب
کیفیت آب

عنوان مقاله English

Assessment and zoning the quality of groundwater resources with an emphasis on drinking, agriculture and industry in the Kerman-Baghin watershed, Kerman province

نویسندگان English

Seyed Masoud Soleimanpour 1
S. Lotfinasab 2
O. Rahmati 3
Mahbobeh Motamednia 4
1 Associate Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Desert Research Department, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sanandaj, Iran.
4 Ph.D., Natural Resources and Watershed Management Department, Bafgh County, Yazd Province, Iran.
چکیده English

Ground waters is a vital resource for people around the world. For this reason, it is necessary to maintain the quality of ground waters and continuously monitor its quality changes due to the unstable development of human societies. The present study was conducted with the aim of assessment and zoning the quality of groundwater resources with an emphasis on drinking, agriculture and industry in the Kerman-Baghin watershed of Kerman province. From 1825 samples, information on the chemical quality of groundwater sources was obtained over a statistical period of 17 years (2002-2019). Water quality parameters such as cations, anions, EC, TDS, pH, sodium fraction, sodium fraction absorbed, CO2−3, NO−3, So-4, and Cl were determined separately for statistical periods 2002-2008, 2009-2013, and 2014-2019. Finally, to assess the quality of the water and the nature of the consumption of groundwater resources in relation to drinking water, agriculture and industry, Schuler's and Wilcox's diagrams and Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) and Reisner Sustainability Index (RSI) were used. Drinking water quality results for the periods 2002-2008, 2009-2013, and 2014-2019 are within Shuler's acceptable class. According to the Wilcox diagram, it is in the C3-S1 class in most study programs and quality measurement sources examined; In other words, the water in this area is of average quality and can be used for agriculture. Industrial consumption is based on two different indicators; according to LSI, most underground water sources are prone to sedimentation, while RSI rates the water sources as corrosively.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Sedimentation
Temporal and Spatial Changes
Water Quality
Water Quality Indicators
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