نویسنده
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran
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نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
چکیده
تشخیص تغییرات مکانی-زمانی کاربری اراضی و بهویژه پویایی بومسازگانها برای ارزیابی اثربخشی راهبردهای مدیریت بومسازگانها، توسعه سیستمهای پایش مبتنی بر ابزارهای کمی و کیفی برای حفاظت، ارزشگذاری و احیای آنها و درنهایت تعاملات اجتماعی، محیطزیستی و سیاسی یک منطقه ضروری است. در این تحقیق بهمنظور شناسایی تغییرات از تصاویر Landsat-7 ETM+ و Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS L1TP به ترتیب برای سالهای 1382 (مرداد) و 1402 (تیر) تحت طبقهبندی نظارتشده با استفاده از الگوریتم طبقهبندی ماشین بردار پشتیبان (SVM) استفاده شد. پنج طبقه کاربری اصلی شامل کشاورزی، جنگل، مرتع، مناطق انسانساز و آبی استخراج شد. نتایج ارزیابی صحت برای تصاویر طبقهبندیشده، دقت کلی بیش از 92 درصد و ضریب کاپا بیش از 89/0 را برای هر دو سال نشان داد. در دوره موردمطالعه، مناطق کشاورزی و انسانساز افزایش یافت، درحالیکه جنگل، مرتع و مناطق آبی کاهش یافت. بیشترین میزان تغییر (3/62 هکتار در سال) در مراتع مشاهده شد. نتایج حاصل از نقشههای تغییر پوشش جنگلی پس از طبقهبندی، کاهش قابلتوجه 8/5 درصدی پوشش جنگلی را طی دوره زمانی 20 ساله نشان میدهد. دلیل اصلی این تغییر، جایگزینی مشاهدهشده پوشش جنگلی بومی با مراتع (16/9 درصد)، مناطق انسانساز (4/3 درصد) و مناطق کشاورزی (0/8 درصد) است. بیشتر این تغییرات کاربری اراضی برنامهریزی نشده و عمدتاً درنتیجه فعالیتهای انسانی و با طیف وسیعی از آثار منفی بر بومسازگانهای طبیعی است. ازاینرو، سیاستهای مؤثر و مدیریت کاربری اراضی برای حفاظت از مزایای محیطزیستی و زیباییشناختی بومسازگانها، و نیز برای مدیریت مخاطرات طبیعی ناشی از این تغییرات موردنیاز است. جدای از ارزیابی تغییرات کاربری اراضی، این تحقیق بینشی از پویایی پوشش جنگل، همراه با علل و پیامدها ارائه میدهد و از این طریق نقاط داغ تخریب جنگل را نشان میدهد. پایش تغییر پوشش جنگل برای توسعه راهبردهای مدیریت پایدار جنگل که منابع جنگلی و خدمات بومسازگانی را احیا میکند، ضروری است.
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