زیستایی آبخیز: مفهوم و ضرورت

نویسندگان
مرجان بهلکه 1
سیدحمیدرضا صادقی 2
1 دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
2 تربیت مدرس
چکیده
امروزه تخریب زمین در ادامه رفتار نامناسب و ناعادلانه جوامع بشری در راستای تأمین نیازهای ضروری جمعیت در حال رشد و هم‌چنین ارائه خدمات متنوع به یکی از مشکلات جدی کشورها تبدیل‌شده و سلامت و پایداری حوزه‌های آبخیز‏ را تهدید کرده است. بر همین اساس و به‌منظور تقویت توان، بازیابی سلامت و ایجاد پایداری بوم‏سازگان‏‌های تأمین‌کننده نیازهای حیاتی انسان، رویکرد زیستایی موردتوجه قرارگرفته است. زیستایی برخلاف زیست‌‎پذیری یک اصل مهم در ارزیابی توان بازیابی سلامت و پایداری است که برای تحلیل و ارزیابی آن می‌‏بایست شبکه‌‏ای از روابط بین ابعاد بوم‌شناختی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی، زیرساختی و معیارهای مرتبط مدنظر قرار گیرد. بااین‌حال تاکنون گزارشی در رابطه با زیستایی حوزه آبخیز مطرح نشده است. از‌این‌رو هدف مطالعه حاضر معرفی مفهوم زیستایی آبخیز و ارزیابی توصیفی قابلیت یک سامانه در قرارگیری در حد واسط محدوده تاب‌آوری و رهاسازی است. در همین راستا با ارزیابی صحیح از وضعیت آبخیز، علاوه بر شناخت کامل از کارکرد آبخیز در سطوح مختلف، تنش‌های موجود در حوزه‌های آبخیز شناسایی خواهند شد. در چنین حالتی می‌توان با تکیه‌بر منابع و ظرفیت‌‏ها و هم‌چنین یادگیری شیوه برخورد صحیح با تنش‌‏ها، خودسامان‌دهی، بازیابی تعادل و پایداری حوزه‌های آبخیز را بهبود بخشید. در این صورت زیرآبخیزهای اولویت‌دار شناسایی و با انجام اقدامات مدیریتی در زیرآبخیزها از افت عملکرد و رهاسازی سامانه جلوگیری می‌شود. این رویکرد می‌‏تواند دورنمای مفیدی برای مدیران اجرایی کشور به‌منظور تبیین شیوه‌‏های مدیریتی متناسب در مسیر توسعه پایدار باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
انعطاف‏پذیری آبخیز
پایداری بوم‌‏سازگان
سلامت آبخیز
مدیریت جامع آبخیز

عنوان مقاله English

Watershed Viability: Concept and Necessity

نویسندگان English

Marjan Bahlekeh 1
Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi 2
1 Tarbiat Modares University
2 Tarbiat Modares University
چکیده English

The increase in population, greenhouse gases, temperature, and lack of an efficient management system affect the sustainability of watersheds and the emergence of significant problems in providing services in the watershed. Viability, contrary to livability, is an essential principle for restoring health and sustaining the sustainability of a watershed, for which a network between the dimensions and criteria related to viability should be considered. Concerning the measured dimensions of viability, most studies have investigated the ecological, economic, social, and infrastructure dimensions at the city and village scale. At the same time, there was no consensus about the criteria for explaining viability, and the examined criteria were basically in the category of areas of livability. Nonetheless, the concept of viability has yet to be considered to evaluate the system's ability to be in the range of resilience at the scale of the watershed. In this regard, the tensions in the watershed areas will be identified with a correct assessment and a complete understanding of the functioning of different watershed levels. In such a situation, by relying on resources and capacities, as well as learning how to deal with stress properly, it is possible to self-organize and restore the balance and stability of the watershed and ultimately improve the viability of the watershed and help improve the watershed’s viability by recognizing the measures priorities and designating the prevention approaches. In addition, this can be a helpful perspective for the executive directors to provide an appropriate managerial roadmap countrywide.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Ecosystem Stability
Integrated Watershed Management
Watershed Resilience
Watershed Health
  1. Akbari, N., Moayedfar, R., and Mirzaie Khondabi, F. 2016. Analyzing livability in the distressed areas of Isfahan city with an emphasis on city development strategy. Economics and Urban Management, 6 (21): 33-50 (In Persian).
  2. Akhondi-Ghahrodi, M., Nazari, A.A., Rostami, Sh. B., and Salahi Isfahani, G. 2019. Spatial analysis of economic Livability in the rural settlements of Ray city. Spatial Economics and Rural Development, 9(2): 245-265 (In Persian).
  3. Aktan, A.E., Brownjohn, J.M.W., Moon, F.L., Sjoblom, K.J., Bartoli, I., and Karaman, S.G. 2022. Civil engineer for urban livability. Sustainability and Resilience. Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure, 7(5): 480-491.
  4. Aslam Saja, A.M., Lafir Sahid, M.S. and Sutharshanan, M. 2020. Implementing Sendai Framework priorities through risk-sensitive development planning-A case study from Sri Lanka. Progress in Disaster Science, 5 (100051): 1-20.
  5. Benjamin, L.S. 2013. Spatial pattern of urban livability in Himalayan region: A case of Aizwal City, India. Social Indicators Research, 25(117): 541-559.
  6. Carlson, T.N., and Ripley, D.A. 1997. On the relation between NDVI, fractional vegetation cover, and leaf area index. Remote Sensing of Environment, 62(3): 241-252.
  7. Clerici, N., Paracchini, M.L., and Maes, J. 2014. Land-cover change dynamics and insights into ecosystem services in European Stream Riparian Zones. Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology, 14(2): 107–120.
  8. Danielaini, T., Maheshwari, B., and Hagare, D. 2019. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of perceived liveability in the context of socio-ecohydrology: evidence from the urban and peri-urban Cirebon-Indonesia. Environmental Planning and Management, 62(12): 1-29.
  9. Ding, Y., Wang, W., Cheng, X., and Zhao, S. 2008. Ecosystem health assessment in Inner Mongolia region based on remote sensing and GIS. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry. Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 37: 1029-1034.
  10. Dyduch, J., and Skorek, A. 2020. Go South! Southern dimension of the V4 states’ energy policy strategies–An assessment of viability and prospects. Energy Policy, 140:111372.
  11. Estévez-Mauriz, L., Fonseca, J.A., and Forgaci, C., Bjorling, N. 2017. The livability of spaces: Performance and/or resilience? Reflections on the effects of spatial heterogeneity in transport and energy systems and the implications on urban environmental quality. Sustainable Built Environment, 6(1): 1-8.
  12. Filimonau, V., and Magklaropoulou, A. 2020. Exploring the viability of a new ‘pay-as-you-use’energy management model in budget hotels. Hospitality Management, 89: 102538.
  13. Ganjbakhsh, F., and Kolahi, M. 2019. Sustainable rurality in Seyyed Ali Watershed, Mashhad County, Iran. Rural Development Strategies, 7(1): 85-101 (In Persian).
  14. Gleick, P.H. 1990. Vulnerability of water systems, in climate change and US water resources. P.E. Waggoner, ed., New York, John Wiley and Sons: 223-240.
  15. Han, C., and Yu, X.B. 2018. An innovative energy pile technology to expand the viability of geothermal bridge deck snow melting for different United States Regions: computational assisted feasibility analyses. Renewable Energy, 123: 417-427.
  16. Hazbavi, Z., and Sadeghi, S.H.R. 2017. Watershed health characterization using Reliability–Resilience–Vulnerability conceptual framework based on hydrological responses. Land Degradation and Development, 28(5): 1528–1537.
  17. Hazbavi, Z., Sadeghi, S.H.R., Gholamalifard, M., and Davoudirad, A.A. 2020. Watershed health assessment using Pressure-State- Response (PSR) framework. Land Degradation and Development, 31:3-19.
  18. Heydari, M.T., Shamai, A., Sasanpour, F., Soleimani, M., and Ahdanjad Roshni, M. 2016. Analysis of factors affecting the livability of dilapidated urban tissues (Case study: dilapidated tissue of the central part of Zanjan city). Geographical Space, 17 (59): 1-25 (In Persian).
  19. Huh, J.H., and Kim, S.K. 2019. The blockchain consensus algorithm for viable management of new and renewable energies. Sustainability, 11(11): 3184.
  20. Jain, S.K., and Bhunya, P.K. 2008. Reliability, Resilience and vulnerability of a multipurpose storage reservoir. Hydrological Sciences, 53 (2): 434-447.
  21. Jomepour, M., and Tahmasbi Tehrani, S. 2013. Explaining the level of livability and quality of life in surrounding village (Case study: the central city of shariar). Physical Sacial Planning, 1(3): 49-60 (In Persian).
  22. Kazemian, G., Rasouli, A., and Khazaei, M.M. 2016. New and renewable energies position in creating viable cities, Case study Tehran city. Urban Research and Planning, 8(29): 118-99 (In Persian).
  23. Khorasani, M.A., Ghorbani, M., Tavakoli Zaniani, Z., and Akbari, M. 2021. Assessment and comparative evaluation of livability of villages with and without Soil conservation and watershed management activities (Case study: Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 52(4): 761-772 (In Persian).
  24. Kutty, A.A., Wakjira, T.G., Kucukvar, M., Abdella, G.M., and Onat, N.C. 2022. Urban resilience and livability performance of European smart cities: A novel machine learning approach. Cleaner Production, 378:134203.
  25. Lahlaoi, H., Rhinane, H., Hilali, A., Lahssini, S., and Moukrim, S. 2017. Desertification assessment using MEDALUS model in Watershed Oued El Maleh, Morocco. Geosciences, 7(50): 1-16.
  26. Leonard, R., and Williams, I.D. 2023. Viability of a circular economy for space debris. Waste Management, 155: 19-28.
  27. Li, Y., Qiao, L., Wang, Q., and David, K. 2020. Towards the evaluation of rural livability in China: Theoretical framework and empirical case study. Habitat International, 10(105): 1-12.
  28. Liang, L., Deng, X., Wang, P., Wang, Z., and Wang, L. 2020. Assessment of the impact of climate change on cities livability in China. Science of the Total Environment, 726: 138339.
  29. Manyena, S.B. 2012. The concept of resilience revisited. Disasters 2006, Resilience: A bridging concept or a dead end? Plan Theory Pract, 2(13): 299–307.
  30. McKee, T.B., Doesken, N.J., and Kleist, J. 1995. Drought monitoring with multiple time scales, Proceedings of the Ninth Conference on Applied Climatology. American Meteorological Society, 233-236.
  31. Mehdi, B., Ludwig, R., and Lehner, B. 2015. Evaluating the impacts of climate change and crop land use change on Streamflow, Nitrates and Phosphorus: a modeling study in Bavaria. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 4: 60–90.
  32. Mianabadi, A., Jarke, M.R., Mianabadi, H., and Kolahi, M. 2017. Social hydrology. Socio-Cultural Strategy Quarterly, 7(27): 47-78 (In Persian).
  33. Mirzaie, Sh. 2017. Introducing of Nexus and its role in resource sustainability. Water and Sustainable Development, 5(1): 145-146 (In Persian).
  34. Murphy, B.P., and Bowman, D.M. 2006. Kangaroo metabolism does not cause the relationship between bone collagen δ15N and water availability. Functional Ecology, 1062-1069.
  35. Natanian, J., Kastner, P., Dogan, T., and Auer, T. 2020. From energy performative to livable Mediterranean cities: An annual outdoor thermal comfort and energy balance cross-climatic typological study. Energy and Buildings, 224: 110283.
  36. Otari, M.R., Shams, M., and Zaviar, P. 2022. Measurement and spatial distribution of dimensions of urban livability in the direction of a health-oriented city (Case study: Zone 1 of Tehran). Geography of the land, 19(73): 1-23 (In Persian).
  37. Ghadiri, M., and Roknodineftekhari, A.R. 2013. The relation between social structure of cities and earthquake vulnerability Case study: Tehran city's neighborhoods. Geography and Environmental Planning, 24(2): 153-174 (In Persian).
  38. Rezaei, M., Ranjbar, M., Azadbakht, B., and Estelaji, A. 2019. Providing an appropriate model for optimizing energy consumption and achieving sustainable area using GIS (Case study: Tehran Region 6). Application of Geography Information System and Remote Sensing in Planning, , 10(3): 70-86 (In Persian).
  39. Sadeghloo, T., Saadati, R., and Akbari, F. 2022. Investigating the role of document issuance on improving the livability of rural settlements (Case study area: Zaborkhan rural district, Neishabour township). Studies of Human Settlements Planning, 17(1): 131-144 (In Persian).
  40. Surjono, S., Yudono, A., Setyono, D.A., and Putri, J.C. 2021. Contribution of community resilience to city’s livability within the framework of sustainable development. Environmental Research, Engineering and Management, 77(4): 33-47.
  41. Taleshi Anbohi, M., Aghaeizadeh, A., and Jafari-Mehrabadi, M. 2020. Structural analysis of livability of urban deteriorated textures with a futuristic approach (Case study: deteriorated texture of region 1 of Qazvin City). Research and Urban Planning, 10(39): 117-134 (In Persian).
  42. Wang, Y., Dai, E., Yin, L., Ma, L. 2018. Land use/land cover change and the effects on ecosystem services in the Hengduan Mountain region, China. Ecosystem Services, 34: 55-67.
  43. Wang, Y., Zhu, Y., and Yu, M. 2019. Evaluation and determinants of satisfaction with rural livability in China’s less-developed eastern areas: A case study of Xianju County in Zhejiang Province, Ecological Indicators, 3(104): 711-722.
  44. World Resources Institute. 2000. World Resources: 2000-2001: People and Ecosystems. The Fraying Web of Life, Oxford (UK): Elsevier Science Limited.
  45. Yeganeh, H., Yari, R., Sanaee, A. and Ahmad Yousfi, S. 2017. Evaluating economical values of natural recreational places and investigating effective variables on willingness to pay of individuals for natural recreation activities (Case study: charbagh rangelands of the gorgan). Rangeland, 11(1): 57-72 (In Persian).
  46. Yusef Talashi, S., and Moazen Jamshidi, H. 2019. Evaluating cultural vitality for Isfahan metropolitan city. Urban Economics, 4(2): 1-22 (In Persian).
  47. Zhao, J., Yan, J., Ran, Q., Yang, X., Su, X., and Shen, J. 2022. Does the opening of high-speed railways improve urban livability? Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 101275.
  48. Zyari, K., and Hosseini, M. 2015. Evaluate the relationship between viability and resilience in the neighborhoods metropolitan Mashhad. Research Journal of Great Khorasan (Imam Reza International University), 7(23): 11-25 (In Persian).