ارزیابی وضعیت فرسایندگی باد و پهنه‌بندی پتانسیل حمل ماسه در استان بوشهر به‌منظور شناسایی اراضی مستعد گسیل گردوغبار

نویسندگان
غلامرضا راهی 1
حمیدرضا عباسی 2
امیرمحمد گلی 3
لیلا بیابانی 4
1 عضو هیات علمی مرکز بوشهر
2 موسسه جنگل ها، مراتع و آبخیزداری کشور
3 دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران
4 دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
باد عامل اصلی تخریب و فرسایش مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک است که برای جلوگیری از اثرات تخریبی آن باید شناخت کافی از ویژگی بادهای منطقه حاصل گردد. هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر، تعیین وضعیت فرسایندگی باد و پتانسیل حمل ماسه در استان بوشهر و ارتباط آن با پراکنش مکانی کانون­های تولید گردوغبار است. گلبادهای سالانه منطقه نشان داد که عمده بادهای غالب از سمت شرق و غرب می‌وزد. گل توفان‌های سالانه منطقه نیز نشان داد که عمده بادهای غالب و فرساینده از سمت غرب، جنوب غربی و شمال غربی می‌وزد. این بادها در فصول مختلف سال به‌ویژه در زمستان و بهار به‌صورت چندجهته وزیده شده است. به‌منظور محاسبه توان حمل ماسه با استفاده از رابطه Fryberger & Dean، منطقه موردمطالعه ازنظر قدرت فرسایش بادی در کلاس کم تا متوسط قرارگرفته است و جهت نهایی حمل ماسه عمدتاً به سمت جنوب شرقی است. مقدار شار حمل ماسه بین 8/94 تن در متر بر سال برآورد شده. بر پایه روی هم‌گذاری نقشه‌­های پوشش گیاهی، سرعت باد، ژئومورفولوژی و پراکنش ماسه‌زار­ها، مناطق مستعد گسیل گردوغبار شناسایی شد. در بیش‌تر نواحی، مناطق مستعد گسیل گردوغبار با کانون‌های فرسایش بادی همخوانی دارد. هم‌چنین بر اساس شاخص تغییرپذیری جهت باد، زمینه برای ایجاد تپه‌های ماسه‌­ای طولی، سیلک­‌های دندانه‌­ای و سیف فراهم‌شده است؛ بنابراین سایش حاصل از حمل ماسه در کانون­‌های فرسایش بادی در سطح دشت­‌های کم پوشش عامل مؤثری بر ازدیاد غبارخیزی در استان بوشهر شده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
بادسنجی
دبی ماسه
رژیم بادی
مرفولوژی تپه
گلباد
گردوغبار

عنوان مقاله English

Assessment of wind erosivity and zonation of potential sand drifts over the Bushehr province to identify dust emission sources

نویسندگان English

gholamreza rahi 1
Hamidreza Abbasi 2
Amirmohammad Goli 3
Leyla Biabani 4
1 رییس بخش منابع طبیعی وآبخیزداری
2 Institute of forests, pastures and watershed of the country
3 Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran
4 NRF, UT
چکیده English

It is essential to understand the characteristics of regional winds in order to prevent the effects of wind degradation, which is a significant factor in the degradation of arid and semi-arid land. The main aim of this study was to determine the status of erosive wind and the sand drift potential and its relationship with dust emission areas. Annual wind roses showed prevailing winds from the west, southwest, and northwest. In addition, the annual storm roses showed that the erosive winds were mainly in the west, southwest, and northwest directions. In winter and spring, a multidirectional wind regime is blowing. According to the calculation of the sand drift potential using the Fryberger & Dean equation, wind erosion drift is categorized into the low-to-moderate class, with the resultant sand drift in the southeast direction. Mean quantitative sand discharge rate was 8.9 Ton.m.Yr-1. Based on overlaying vegetation cover, wind velocity, geomorphology, and sand-sea maps, the area with the most potential dust emission was determined. In most areas, dust emissions coincide with wind erosion hot spots. In addition, the variability of wind direction has caused longitudinal sand dunes (Seif and Silk) to form. Therefore, the abrasion of the ground surface by sand drift on the plains with sparse vegetation covers activates the dust emission process in the study area.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Anemometer Data
Dust
Hill morphology
Sand discharge
Wind Regime
Wind Rose
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