برنامه‌ریزی تأمین نیاز آبی درختچه‌های مرتعی تحت سامانه‌های مختلف آبیاری با استفاده از شاخص تنش آبی گیاه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
غلامرضا بستانیان 1
محمد الباجی 2
عبدعلی ناصری 3
سعید برومند نسب 3
ناصر عالم زاده انصاری 4
1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده مهندسی آب و محیط زیست، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران و نویسنده مسئول:
2 دانشیار گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده مهندسی آب و محیط زیست، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران
3 استاد، گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده مهندسی آب و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران
4 دانشیار گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران
10.22034/wmji.2023.710720
چکیده
شاخص تنش آب گیاه بر اساس تفاوت دمای تاج و هوا، شاخصی مناسب برای پایش وضعیت آب اراضی کشاورزی می‌باشد. اما به‌ندرت برای ارزیابی وضعیت آب بوم‌سازگان جنگلی استفاده می‌شود. هدف از این تحقیق امکان استفاده از شاخص تنش آب گیاه (CWSI) برای برنامه‌ریزی آبیاری چهار گونه درخت مرتعی کهور، کنوکارپوس، برهان و کنار تحت چهار روش آبیاری سطحی، حباب‌ساز (بابلر)، کوزه‌ای و سامانه واترباکس بود. این تحقیق در سال 1400 در مزرعه آزمایشی دانشکده مهندسی آب و محیط‌زیست دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز انجام شد و به مدت نه ماه به طول انجامید. شاخص CWSI با اندازه‌گیری دمای تاج با استفاده از دماسنج مادون‌قرمز و هم‌چنین مقادیر کمبود فشار بخار برای تیمارهای مختلف آبیاری به‌دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که تحت شرایط آبیاری مناسب، تفاوت دمای تاج‌-هوا و نرخ تعرق سطح تاج هر دو توسط تابش خالص دریافت شده در سطح تاج کنترل می‌شدند. بیش‌ترین و کم‌ترین مقادیر CWSI محاسبه‌شده به‌ترتیب مربوط به آبیاری واترباکس و کوزه‌ای با مقادیر 01/1 و 81/0 بود که مربوط به گونه‌های کنار و کنوکارپوس بود. تجزیه آماری نشان داد که اثر روش آبیاری بر روی مقادیر شاخص تنش آبی گیاه در فصول بهار و پاییز در سطح پنج درصد معنی‌دار بود و با کاهش 87 و 59 درصدی آب مصرفی در سامانه آبیاری واترباکس و کوزه‌ای، میانگین مقادیر شاخص تنش آب گیاه افزایش یافت. ولی در فصل تابستان اختلاف معنی‌داری بین روش‌های آبیاری مشاهده نشد. هم‌چنین اثر نوع درخت بر شاخص CWSI در طول دوره در سطح یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. در‌نهایت روابط رگرسیونی بر اساس اختلاف دمای پوشش گیاهی و هوا و نیز مقادیر متوسط CWSI برای تعیین زمان آبیاری ارائه شد که می‌توان برای ارزیابی تنش آب درختچه‌های مرتعی استفاده کرد. 
کلیدواژه‌ها
آبیاری کوزه‌ای
واترباکس
دماسنج مادون‌قرمز و CWSI

عنوان مقاله English

Planning the Water requirement supply of Pasture shrubs under different Irrigation systems using plant Water Stress Index

نویسندگان English

Gholamreza Bostanian 1
Mohammad Albaji 2
Abd Ali Naseri 3
Seed Boroomand Nasab 3
Naser Alemzadeh Ansari 4
1 (Corresponding Author), Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده English

The crop water stress index based on canopy–air temperature differences (CWSIdT) is an appropriate index for monitoring the water status of croplands but is rarely used to evaluate the water status of forest ecosystems. However, CWSIdT is rarely used in forest ecosystems. Investigating the possibility of using the crop water stress index (CWSI) for planning the irrigation of four species of pasture trees, Prosopis cineraria (T1), Conocarpus (T2), Albezia lebbek (T3) and Ziziphus (T4), under four methods of surface irrigation, bubbler, pitcher, and waterboxx system, was selected. This research was conducted in the year 2021 in the experimental farm of the Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz and lasted for 9 months. The experiment was conducted as a factorial in the form of a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The crown temperature, actual evaporation and transpiration and meteorological factors of the field were continuously and simultaneously measured during the period from the beginning of April to the end of December. Infrared thermometers was used to measure crown temperature and vapor pressure deficiency values for different irrigation treatments. The results showed that under well-watered conditions, canopy-air temperature difference and canopy surface transpiration rate are both controlled by the net radiation received by the canopy surface The highest and lowest calculated CWSI values were related to waterboxx and Pitcher irrigation with values of 1.01 and 0.81, respectively, which were related to Ziziphus and Konocarpus trees. Statistical analysis showed that the effect of irrigation method on plant water stress index values in spring and autumn seasons was significant at the level of 5% and the average values of plant water stress index increased with water consumption reductions of 87 and 59% in waterbox and pitcher irrigation systems, respectively. However, there was no significant difference observed in the summer season. Also, the effect of tree type on the CWSIdT index during the period was important at a 1% level. In addition, the difference in vegetation and air temperature were used as a determining factor to determine irrigation time, which can be used to estimate pasture tree water stress.


کلیدواژه‌ها English

CWSI
Infrared thermometer
Pitcher Irrigation
WaterBoxx
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