تغییرات رواناب و هدررفت خاک در خاک برداشت‌شده از کاربری جنگل تحت شدت‌های مختلف بارندگی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
سارا امینی 1
عطااله کاویان 2
لیلا غلامی 3
نبیه کریمی 4
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده‌ی منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران
2 عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
3 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده‌ی منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران
4 دانش‌آموخته دکتری علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده‌ی منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران
10.22034/wmji.2024.2021201.1051
چکیده
زمین به‌عنوان یک منبع طبیعی و ضروری برای بشریت و حفظ بوم‌سازگان‌ها می‌باشد و اندازه­گیری میزان فرسایش خاک  به‌­عنوان یکی از بحث­‌های مهم در سراسر جهان مطرح است.  هدف این پژوهش بررسی تغییرات مقادیر رواناب و رسوب تولیدشده تحت چهار شدت‌ 30، 60، 90 و 120 میلی‌متر بر ساعت در خاک برداشت‌شده از کاربری جنگل در مقیاس کرت است. شبیه‌سازی باران با استفاده از سامانه شبیه‌ساز باران و کرت‌هایی با اندازه 0/5 مترمربع  در سه تکرار انجام شد. پس از اندازه‌گیری رواناب در فواصل زمانی دو دقیقه‌ای و به مدت ده دقیقه در خروجی کرت‌ها و سپس توزین هدررفت خاک، نتایج حاصل با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای SPSS23 و Excel مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفت. میانگین حجم رواناب سه کرت در شدت‌های بارندگی 30، 60، 90 و 120 میلی‌متر بر ساعت به ترتیب 0/98، 1/3، 2/03 و 2/43 لیتر بود و میانگین هدررفت خاک به ترتیب 8/21، 14/85، 46/76 و 63/27 گرم بود.  نتایج نشان داد که اثر شدت بارندگی بر مؤلفه‌های رواناب و هدررفت خاک در سطح اعتماد 99 درصد معنی‌دار بود. هم‌چنین نشان داد که کم‌ترین حجم رواناب و هدررفت خاک مربوط به شدت‌های 30 و 60 میلی‌متر بر ساعت و بیش‌ترین حجم رواناب و هدررفت خاک مربوط به دو شدت 90 و 120 میلی‌متر بر ساعت بود که نشان‌دهنده روند افزایشی حجم رواناب و هدررفت با افزایش شدت بارندگی است؛ بنابراین پیشنهاد می­‌گردد که در شرایط طبیعی برای کاهش این مؤلفه‌ها از روش‌­های حفاظتی ازجمله کاربرد افزودنی­‌ها استفاده گردد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
رواناب
سامانه شبیه‌ساز باران
شدت بارش
پلات‌های فرسایش
هدررفت خاک

عنوان مقاله English

Changes in runoff and soil loss components in soil harvested from forest use under different rainfall intensities

نویسندگان English

Sara Amini 1
A. Kavian 2
L. Gholami 3
N. Karimi 4
1 Master Student Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
4 Ph.D. Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
چکیده English

Earth is a natural and essential resource for humanity and the preservation of ecosystems, and the measurement of soil erosion is one of the most important discussions around the world.  In this study, changes in the amount of runoff and sediment produced under four intensities of 30, 60, 90 and 120 mm/h were investigated at the plot scale in soil harvested from forest land. To achieve the study purposes, rainfall simulation was performed using rainfall simulator system and 0.5 m2 plots in three replications. After measuring the runoff at 2-min intervals and for 10 min at the outlet of the plots and then weighing the soil loss, the results were analyzed using SPSS23 and Excel software. The average runoff volumes of three plots at rainfall intensities of 120, 90, 60, and 30 mm/h were 2.43, 2.03, 1.3, and 0.98 lit, respectively, and the average soil loss was 63.27, 46.7, 14.85 and 8.21 gr, respectively. The results showed that the effect of rainfall intensity on runoff and soil loss components is significant at 99% confidence. It also showed that the lowest volume of runoff and soil loss were related to intensities of 30 and 60 mm/h and the highest volume of runoff and soil loss was related to two intensities of 90 and 120 mm/h respectively, indicating an increasing trend of the volume of runoff and loss with increasing rainfall intensity. Therefore, it is suggested to application of protective methods including the conditioners usage to reducing these components in natural conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Plot
Runoff
Rainfall Simulator
Rainfall Intensity
Soil loss
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