اثربخشی عملیات آبخیزداری در کاهش فرسایش و رسوب حوزه آبخیز نکارود در استان مازندران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
مینا نعمتی 1
آیلین فرجی 2
اسماعیل مختارپور 3
1 کارشناس آبخیزداری اداره کل منابع طبیعی و ابخیزداری مازندران-ساری
2 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
3 معاون فنی و آبخیزداری اداره کل منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری مازندران- ساری
10.22034/wmji.2024.2022339.1052
چکیده
فرسایش خاک، باروری اراضی بالادست را تقلیل و از طریق رسوب‌گذاری در اراضی پایین‌دست، به آن‌ها خسارت وارد می­کند. به‌منظور ارزیابی تأثیر عملیات آبخیزداری بر فرسایش و کاهش رسوب‌دهی، پیمایش صحرایی بررسی عملکرد هر سازه، در حوزه آبخیز نکارود صورت گرفت. عملیات آبخیزداری انجام‌شده شامل دیوار ساحلی، سرشاخه­گیر، سنگی- ملاتی و عملیات بیولوژیکی می­باشد. هم‌چنین با در نظر گرفتن عوامل اثرگذار بر فرسایش و رسوب (زمین‌ساخت، دبی اوج ویژه و اراضی بدون پوشش) تجزیه‌وتحلیل با مدل EPM و هم‌چنین نرم‌افزارهای GIS و SPSS انجام شد. نتایج نشان دادند که سه عامل زمین‌ساخت (r=0.8) سیلاب (r=0.47) و کاربری اراضی (r=037) دارای بیش‌ترین تأثیرگذاری بر روی فرسایش و رسوب منطقه بوده­اند. هم‌چنین عامل زمین‌ساخت و پس از آن سیلاب دارای اثربخشی زیادتری هستند. بنا بر نتایج همبستگی، این سه عامل با فرسایش همبستگی معناداری داشتند بدین‌صورت که زمین‌ساخت منطقه با فرسایش دارای همبستگی معنی­دار (r=0.8) و به­عنوان عامل اصلی تعیین می­شود. هم‌چنین اراضی دیم تحت عملیات بیولوژیکی اثرگذاری بیش‌تری در کاهش فرسایش و رسوب منطقه داشته است. هم‌چنین مقایسه قبل و بعد از عملیات آبخیزداری در کاربری‌های مختلف نشان داد که فرسایش و رسوب در زراعت دیم کاهش بیش‌تری داشته است. به‌طورکلی، تغییرات کاربری زمین به­طور قابل­توجهی بر فرسایش خاک تأثیر می­گذارد. بنابراین، انجام اقدامات لازم در جهت کاهش فرسایش و رسوب و حفظ خاک منطقه بسیار حائز اهمیت است. هم‌چنین به‌منظور مدیریت منابع آب‌وخاک و اثرگذاری بیش‌تر عملیات آبخیزداری در کاهش فرسایش و رسوب و افزایش لایه‌ی پوششی زمین از تلفیق برنامه‌های بیولوژیک و سازه‌ای و علاج بخشی عملیات سازه‌ای اجراشده در حوضه اقدام گردد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
بیولوژیکی
سرشاخه‌گیر
جنگل
مکانیکی
زراعت دیم

عنوان مقاله English

The effectiveness of watershed management operations in reducing erosion and sedimentation in the Nakarood watershed in Mazandaran province

نویسندگان English

mina nemati 1
Ailin faraji 2
esmaeil mokhtarpour 3
1 Watershed expert, Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management, Mazandaran-Sari
2 Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
3 Deputy Technical and Watershed Management Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management, Mazandaran-Sari
چکیده English

Soil erosion reduces the fertility of upstream lands and damages downstream lands through sedimentation. A field survey was conducted to investigate the performance of each structure in the Nakarood watershed to evaluate the effect of watershed operations on erosion and sedimentation. The watershed operations carried out include coastal wall, spillway, and stone-mortar and biological operations. In addition, taking into account the factors affecting erosion and sedimentation (terrain structure, specific peak discharge and uncovered lands), the EPM model, GIS, and SPSS software were used for the analysis. The results showed that the three factors of land construction (r=0.8), flood (r=0.47) and land use (r=037) had the greatest impact on erosion and sedimentation in the region. Also, the factor of land construction and then flood have more effectiveness. According to the correlation results, these three factors had a significant correlation with erosion, so that the land construction of the area has a significant correlation with erosion (r=0.8) and is determined to be the main factor. Also, rainfed lands under biological treatment have been more effective in reducing erosion and sedimentation in the region. Also, the comparison between before and after watershed operations for different uses showed that erosion and sedimentation decreased more in rainfed agriculture. In general, land use changes significantly affect soil erosion. Therefore, it is very important to take necessary measures to reduce erosion and sedimentation and to preserve the soil of the region. In addition, biological and structural programs and remedial structural operations should be implemented in the watershed to manage water and soil resources and increase the effectiveness of watershed operations in reducing erosion and sedimentation and increasing the land cover layer.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Biological
Branching
Forest
Mechanical
Rainfed agriculture

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