پهنه‌بندی مخاطرات و عوامل مؤثر بر حرکات توده‌ای دامنه جنوبی دماوند

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده
مریم ایلانلو
استادیار گروه جغرافیا، واحد ماهشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ماهشهر، ایران
10.22034/wmji.2024.2023528.1054
چکیده
 مخاطرات زمینی و ژئومرفیک از مخاطرات مهم طبیعی می‌باشند که سالیانه خسارات جانی و مالی زیادی در کل کشورهای جهان و به‌ویژه ایران به بار می‌آورند. ازاین‌رو، مطالعه و تهیه نقشه پهنه‌بندی مخاطرات امروزه یکی از اولویت‌های هر کشور به شمار می‌آید. در این تحقیق به بررسی و پهنه‌بندی مخاطرات حرکات توده‌ای در دامنه‌های جنوبی دماوند پرداخته‌شده. برای تهیه نقشه پهنه‌بندی در ابتدا به شناسایی عوامل مؤثر در بروز حرکات توده‌ای با استفاده از مبانی نظری و پیشینه تحقیق پرداخته شد. بدین ترتیب پارامترهای اقلیمی (بارش، دما، یخبندان) عامل انسانی (راه‌های ارتباطی، کاربری اراضی)، پارامترهای توپوگرافی (شیب و ارتفاع و جهت شیب)، پارامترهای زمین‌شناسی (نوع سنگ، فاصله از گسل)، پارامترهای هیدرولوژی (فاصله از رودخانه) به‌عنوان متغیرهای اصلی شناسایی شدند. در این محدوده مجموعاً 46 مورد زمین‌لغزش با استفاده از عکس‌های هوایی مشاهده‌شده که از این میان 36 مورد از پلور تا رینه قرار دارد. برای مدل‌سازی و پیش‌بینی خطر نسبی حرکت‌های توده‌ای در پژوهش حاضر، از مدل تحلیل سلسله مراتبی AHP استفاده خواهد شد. برای وزن‌دهی و مقایسه زوجی متغیرها و زیرمتغیرها با یکدیگر ازنظرت ۳۰ خبره و کارشناس استفاده گردید. درنهایت منطقه موردمطالعه با استفاده از روش سلسله‌مراتبی نقشه پهنه‌بندی خطر وقوع حرکات توده‌ای در پنج پهنه خیلی خطرناک، خطرناک، با خطر متوسط، کم‌خطر و بی‌خطر تهیه گردید. منطقه خیلی خطرناک با تعداد پیکسل خروجی 3773 تقریباً 4/8 درصد منطقه را در برمی‌گیرد. پهنه خطرناک با تعداد پیسکل خروجی 15779، ۲۰ درصد منطقه را در برگرفته است. پهنه با‌ خطر متوسط با تعداد پیکسل خروجی 57335 وسیع‌ترین پهنه در منطقه است که مساحتی در حدود 8/72 درصد منطقه را پوشانده است. پهنه با خطر کم  با تعداد پیکسل خروجی 1302، تقریباً 1/6 درصد منطقه و پهنه بی‌خطر با تعداد پیکسل 380 کم‌ وسعت‌ترین پهنه منطقه می‌باشد که در حدود 0/4 درصد منطقه را در بر‌می‌گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
زمین‌لغزش
خطر
روش سلسله ‌مراتبی
دامنه جنوبی دماوند
مخاطرات ژئومورفولوژیک

عنوان مقاله English

Risk zoning and effective factors on mass movements in the southern slope of Damavand

نویسنده English

maryam ilanloo
استادیار گروه جغرافیا، واحد ماهشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ماهشهر، ایران
چکیده English

  Land and geomorphic hazards are important natural hazards that cause many human and financial losses in all countries of the world and especially in Iran. Therefore, studying and preparing a risk zoning map is one of the priorities of every country today. In this research، the investigation and zoning of the risks of mass movements in the southern slopes of Damavand have been discussed. To prepare the zoning map, at first, the effective factors in the occurrence of mass movements were identified using theoretical foundations and research background. In this way, climatic parameters (rainfall, temperature, frost), human factor (communication routes, land use), topographic parameters (slope and height and slope direction), geological parameters (rock type, distance from the fault), hydrological parameters (distance from the river) as variables. The main ones were identified. In this area, a total of 46 cases of landslides have been observed using aerial photos، of which 36 cases are located from Pleur to Reine. AHP hierarchical analysis model will be used to model and predict the relative risk of mass movements in this research. For weighting and pairwise comparison of variables and sub-variables, the opinions of 30 experts were used. Finally, the studied area was prepared using the hierarchical method of zoning the risk of mass movements in five zones: very dangerous, dangerous, medium-risk, low-risk and safe. The very dangerous area with the output pixel number of 3773 covers approximately 4.8% of the area. The dangerous area covers 20% of the area with the number of 15.779 output piskels. The medium risk area with the output pixel number of 57335 is the widest area in the region, which covers an area of 72.8% of the area. The area with low risk with the number of output pixels of 1302 is approximately 1.6% of the area and the safe area with the number of pixels is 380 is the smallest area of the area, which covers about 0.4% of the area.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Geomorphological hazards
Hierarchical Method
Landslide
Southern slope of Damavand
Risk
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