بررسی ارتباط بین بعد فراکتال ذرات خاک با اشکال مختلف فرسایش و مواد مادری مختلف

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
نسترن صادق زاده 1
علی گلکاریان 2
محمد جهانی 3
1 دانش آموختة رشته علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‏‏زیست، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
2 دانشیار ، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم و مهندسی آبخیز دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
10.22034/wmji.2024.2023585.1055
چکیده
فرسایش خاک یک مشکل جهانی است که قدرت باروری خاک و کیفیت آب را کاهش می‏‌دهد. ارزیابی مناسب عوامل مؤثر بر فرسایش، اولین مرحله در انتخاب راهکارهای کنترل و مدیریت این پدیده مخرب است. از پارامترهای مهم و قابل‏ مطالعه در این بحث بافت خاک، اندازه، کیفیت خاکدانه‌ها و جنس سنگ ‏بستراست که می‌تواند عامل فرسایش‌پذیری خاک را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد. بعد فراکتال توزیع اندازه ذرات خاک و خاکدانه‌ها به‌‏عنوان ابزار مناسبی جهت تخمین خصوصیات مرتبط با خاک با حداقل تعداد مؤلفه‌های موردنیاز معرفی‌شده است. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی ارتباط بعد فراکتال با اشکال مختلف فرسایش ازجمله فرسایش سطحی، شیاری و بدلند و هم‌چنین بررسی بعد فراکتال جنس سنگ‌های مختلف، شامل؛ آهک، افیولیت، گرانیت، شیل و مارن و بررسی شاخص‌های میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه‌ها (MWD)، درصد پایداری خاکدانه‌ها (AS) و درصد تخریب خاکدانه‌ها (PAD) بود. در این راستا بعد فراکتال به کمک رابطه یانگ و کرافورد با استفاده از داده‌های آزمایشات توزیع اندازه ذرات به روش الک تر و الک خشک و توزیع اندازه خاکدانه‏ها به روش الک مستغرق و هم‌چنین محاسبه وزن مخصوص به روش وزنی و سطح ویژه به روش اتیلن گلیکول مونو اتیل اتر، برای اشکال فرسایشی و جنس سنگ‌های مختلف تعیین ‌شد. نتایج آزمون‌های آماری نشان می‌دهد که اشکال فرسایشی و جنس سنگ‌های مختلف با بعد فراکتال در ارتباط است. به‌نحوی‌که با کاهش استحکام سنگ‌ها و پیشرفت شکل فرسایش بعد فراکتال افزایش می‌یابد. درنتیجه جنس سنگ مارن با شکل فرسایش بدلند بیش‌ترین مقدار بعد فراکتال و فرسایش سطحی کم‌ترین مقدار بعد فراکتال را به خود اختصاص می‌دهد. علاوه بر این بعد فراکتال با شاخص MWD و AS همبستگی مثبت و با PAD همبستگی منفی داشت. درنهایت می‌‏توان نتیجه گرفت که با توجه به سهولت محاسبه بعد فراکتال خاک و رابطه مناسب آن با فرسایش از این شاخص می‌‏توان در ارزیابی کمی و کیفی فرسایش خاک استفاده نمود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
اندازه خاک دانه
اندازه ذرات
انواع فرسایش
پایداری خاکدانه
جنس سنگ

عنوان مقاله English

Investigation the relationship between the fractal dimension of soil particles with different types of erosion and different parent materials

نویسندگان English

Nastran Sadeghzadeh 1
Ali Golkarian 2
Mohammad Jahani 3
1 Graduated in Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2 Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
3 M.Sc student of watershed Management, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
چکیده English

Soil erosion is a global problem that reduce soil fertility and water quality Proper evaluation of the factor’s affecting erosion is the first step in choosing solution to reduce and control this destructive phenomenon. Important parameters that can be examined in this issue are soil texture, size and quality soil grains and type of bedrock, which can affect the soil erodibility coefficient. Fractal dimension (Df) of particle size distribution (PSD) and fractal dimension of aggregate size distribution (ASD) have been introduced as a predictor of soil texture-related properties. The purposes of this study were to investigate the relations between fractal dimension and various forms of erosion, including surface erosion, rill and badland, also to investigate the relations between fractal dimension and various forms of bedrock and to study the mean weight diameter (MWD), aggregate stability (AS) and aggregate degradation (PAD). Fractal dimension was computed by Yong and Crawford model using the data of particle size distribution experiments by the method of wet and dry sieve and aggregate size distribution by submerged sieve method. Bulk density by weighted method and specific surface area by EGME method were determined. The results of statistical analysis showed that different forms of erosion and bedrock are related to the fractal dimension. In other words, with the development of the erosion form, the fractal dimension increased, so badland had the highest and surface erosion had the smallest fractal dimension. Also, among various bedrocks, with decrease in resistance and increase in erodibility, Df was increased. In addition, fractal dimension had a positive correlation with MWD and AS and negative correlation with PAD. Finally, it can be concluded that due to the ease of calculating the fractal dimension of soil and its proper relationship with erosion, this index can be used in the quantitative and qualitative assessment of soil erosion.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Particle size
Rock type
Soil erosion types
Soil grain size
Soil grain stability

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