بازسازی معادن (بخش سوم): روش‌ها و تکنیک‌های احیا و بازسازی معادن

نویسنده
اداره کل منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری استان فارس
10.22034/wmji.2024.2025434.1059
چکیده
با توجه به نقش مهم و تأثیرگذار معدن‌­کاری و صنایع وابسته به آن در توسعه کشور و هم‌چنین اهمیت عرصه‌­های منابع طبیعی و محیط­زیست و لزوم حفظ و نگهداری از آن، تنها راه بهره­‌مندی از اثرات مثبت معدن­کاری توأم با حفظ و پاسداری از منابع طبیعی و محیط­زیست، برقراری تعادل و ایجاد تعامل بین این دو مقوله می‌باشد. با توجه به اجماع جهانی کارشناسان و صاحب‌­نظران هر دو حوضه، بازسازی و احیا معادن و بازگرداندن حداکثری عرصه‌­های معدن­کاری باهدف پایداری عرصه‌­های منابع طبیعی و محیط­زیست می­باشد. به گفته­‌ی دیگر، در یک نگاه کلی نقطه­‌ی اشتراک و درک متقابل این دو بخش نسبت به یکدیگر، تنها توجه و عمل به مفهوم واقعی «­توسعه پایدار» می­باشد. از نگاهی نو و با توجه به برداشت‌­های نوین علمی و در چار­چوب مفهوم واقعی و علمی توسعه پایدار، یکی از مهم­ترین اقداماتی که می­تواند تقابل دو بخش منابع طبیعی و معدن­کاری را به حداقل برساند، انجام احیا و بازسازی معادن پس از بهره­‌برداری می­باشد. در این مقاله روش‌­ها و تکنیک‌­های احیا و بازسازی معادن باهدف پایداری منابع طبیعی و محیط­زیست شامل روش‌­های مدیریت مواد باطله، احیای پوشش­ گیاهی و استقرار دوباره گیاهان، روش گیاه­پالایی، روش‌­های ساماندهی رودخانه یا آبراهه، روش­‌های حفاظت از درختان باقی­مانده، ساخت مکان‌­های ورزشی – تفریحی و روش‌­های زیبا­سازی معرفی و تشریح شده است. انتخاب روش برای بازسازی معدن بستگی به شرایط معدن و نوع و میزان آسیب­‌دیدگی آن دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Reclamation of mines (part III): methods and techniques of revitalization and reclamation of mines

نویسنده English

hassan moghim
General office of natural resources and watershed management of Fars province
چکیده English

Considering the important and influential role of mining and its related industries in the development of the country and the importance of natural resources and the environment and the need to preserve and maintain it, the only way to benefit from the positive effects of mining combined with preservation and protection From natural resources, it is establishing balance and creating interaction between these two categories. The reclamation and restoration of mines and the maximum restoration of mining areas are aimed at the sustainability of natural resources and environment. According to the consensus of experts and experts related to this category, the point of commonality and mutual understanding of these two sectors is the only attention and action to the real concept of "sustainable development". According to new scientific concepts and within the framework of the real and scientific concept of sustainable development, one of the most important measures that can minimize the conflict between the two sectors of natural resources and mining is to carry out restoration and reconstruction. Mines are after exploitation. In this article, the methods of mine restoration with the aim of sustainability of natural resources and the environment, including methods of managing waste materials, revitalizing vegetation and reestablishing plants, plant treatment methods, river management methods, methods of protecting the remaining trees, construction of sports-recreational places and beautification methods have been introduced and explained. The choice of the method for mine reconstruction depends on the conditions of the mine and the type and extent of its damage.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Comprehensive management
Mining
Sustainable development
Watershed health
Watershed management
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