نقش فرسایندگی باد و پهنه بندی حمل ماسه به‌منظور شناسایی اشکال تپه های ماسه‌ای

نویسندگان
فرهاد ذوالفقاری 1
مهین حنیفه پور 2
لیلا بیابانی 3
1 استادیار مجتمع آمموزش عالی سراوان
2 دکتری مهندسی منابع طبیعی- بیابان‌زدایی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران
3 دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی منابع طبیعی- بیابان زدائی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران
10.22034/wmji.2024.2036310.1078
چکیده
باد به‌عنوان عامل اصلی در تخریب و فرسایش مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک می‌باشد که برای جلوگیری از اثرات تخریبی آن باید شناخت کافی از ویژگی بادهای منطقه حاصل گردد. هدف از انجام این تحقیق بررسی رژیم‌های بادی فرساینده با استفاده از داده های ساعتی سرعت و جهت باد برای ترسیم گلماسه، گلباد، گلتوفان و هم‌چنین پتانسیل حمل ماسه در شش ایستگاه واقع در حوضه دریاچه نمک جهت تعیین کلاس های سرعت باد و توان حمل ماسه و تأثیر آن را در شکل گیری تپه های ماسه ای می‌باشد. با بررسی و ارتباط بین الگوی مکانی و وضعیت تحریک‌پذیری بادهای فرساینده، شرایط تشکیل و گسترش تپه های ماسه ای مشخص می‌گردد. در این پژوهش با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای WRPLOT وSand Rose Graph  داده‌های بادسنجی شش ایستگاه سینوپتیک اراک، گلپایگان، فرودگاه امام خمینی (ره)، کاشان،‌ قزوین و قم در دوره آماری 20 ساله (2021-2002) مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفت. پهنه‌بندی پتانسیل نهایی حمل ماسه و بررسی مقادیر آن به‌صورت سالانه و فصلی با استفاده از نرم‌افزار ArcGIS تهیه گردید. نتایج حاصل از گلبادهای سالانه منطقه نشان داد که علی‌رغم تغییرات زمانی و مکانی بسیار زیاد باد در منطقه، عمده بادهای غالب از سمت شمال غربی و پس ‌از آن غرب می‌وزد. گلتوفان‌های سالانه منطقه نشان داد که عمده بادهای غالب و فرساینده از سمت شمال غربی می‌وزد. ارزیابی گلماسه سالانه در ایستگاه‌های موردمطالعه نشان می‌دهد که بیش‌ترین مقدار برآیند جبری پتانسیل حمل ماسه در ایستگاه قزوین با 2/4220 واحد برداری و کم‌ترین مقدار برآیند در ایستگاه اراک با 1/93 واحد برداری اتفاق می‌افتد. شاخص همگنی جهت باد در ایستگاه فرودگاه امام خمینی (ره) دارای رژیم بادی بادهای چندجهته مرکب با زاویه تند است و در سایر ایستگاه ها بادهای دوجهته با زاویه باز اتفاق می‌افتد. با درنظرگرفتن توانایی حمل هر واحد بردار، بیش‌ترین قابلیت جابه جایی میزان ماسه در سال حدود 4/295 مترمکعب در واحد عرض در ایستگاه قزوین و کم‌ترین قابلیت جابه‌جایی میزان ماسه در سال حدود 5/6 مترمکعب در واحد عرض در ایستگاه اراک برآورد گردید. پتانسیل بالای بادهای حوضه دریاچه نمک به‌ویژه ایستگاه قزوین در تولید رسوب ناشی از فرسایش بادی دارد. هم‌چنین مطالعات عمیق‌تری در مورد تأثیرات فرسایش باد در بازیابی پوشش گیاهی، تنوع زیستی و بهره‌وری زمین انجام گردد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
باد غالب
رسوب
رژیم بادی
دریاچه نمک
فرساینده
قزوین

عنوان مقاله English

The role of wind erosion and zonation of sand transport in order to identify the shapes of sand dunes

نویسندگان English

farhad zolfaghari 1
mahin hanifehpour 2
leila biabani 3
1 , assistant professor higher education complex of saravan
2 PhD in Natural Resources Engineering - Desertification, Department of Arid and Mountainous Regions Reclamation, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran
3 PhD Student in Desert Management and Control, Department of Arid and Mountainous Regions Reclamation, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran
چکیده English

Wind is the main factor in the destruction and erosion of arid and semi-arid areas, and in order to prevent its destructive effects, sufficient knowledge of the characteristics of the winds in the region must be obtained. The purpose of this research is to investigate the erosive wind regimes using hourly data of wind speed and direction to draw sand rose, wind rose, storm flowers and also the potential of sand transport in 6 stations located in the Salt Lake basin to determine the speed classes. The wind and the ability to carry sand and its effect on the formation of sand dunes. By examining the relationship between the spatial pattern and the state of excitability of erosive winds, the conditions for the formation and expansion of sand dunes are determined. In this research, using WRPLOT and Sand Rose Graph software, anemometer data of 6 synoptic stations of Arak, Golpaygan, Imam Khomeini Airport (RA), Kashan, Qazvin and Qom were analyzed and analyzed in a statistical period of 20 years (2002-2021). The zoning of the final potential of sand transport and its annual and seasonal values were prepared using ArcGIS software. The results of the annual Wind Roses of the region showed that despite the great temporal and spatial changes of the wind in the region, most of the prevailing winds blow from the northwest and then the west. The annual storm flowers of the region showed that most of the dominant and erosive winds blow from the northwest. The annual assessment of Sand Rose in the studied stations shows that the highest value of the algebraic result of the sand carrying potential occurs at Qazvin station with 4220.2 vector units and the lowest value of the result occurs at Arak station with 93.1 vector units. The wind direction homogeneity index at Imam Khomeini Airport station (RA) has a wind regime of mixed multidirectional winds with a sharp angle, and in other stations, bidirectional winds with a wide angle occur. Taking into account the carrying capacity of each vector unit, the highest transferability of the amount of sand per year is about 295.4 cubic meters per unit of width at Qazvin station and the lowest transferability of sand per year is about 6.5 cubic meters per unit of width at the station. Arak was estimated. The high potential of the winds of the Namak Lake basin, especially the Qazvin station, has the potential to produce sediment caused by wind erosion. Also, more in-depth studies should be conducted on the effects of wind erosion on vegetation recovery, biodiversity and land productivity.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Prevailing wind
Deposition
Air diet
Salt Lake
Farsayandeh
Qazvin
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