بررسی خلاءهای قانونی در بازسازی و احیاء زیست‌محیطی معادن روباز

نویسندگان
منا خدادادی فیجانی 1
شیرین شیرازیان 2
شهرام بیک پور 3
بیتا آزادبخت 4
علی محمدی 5
1 دانشجوی دکترای مدیریت محیط‌زیست، دانشکده موضوعی کشاورزی، آب، غذا و فراسودمندها، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار گروه مدیریت محیط زیست، حقوق محیطزیست ، دانشکده موضوعی کشاورزی، آب، غذا و فراسودمندها، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد
3 استادیار گروه محیط‌زیست و جنگل، دانشکده موضوعی کشاورزی، آب، غذاو فراسودمندها، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
4 استادیار گروه مدیریت محیط‌زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی و علوم پایه، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
5 استادیار گروه محیط‌زیست برنامه‌ریزی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده موضوعی کشاورزی، آب، غذاو فراسودمندها، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه
10.22034/wmji.2025.2050346.1094
چکیده
دسترسی به مواد معدنی از ضروریات اولیه انسان محسوب می‌شود. یکی از دو صنعت زیر بنایی، صنعت معدن کاری است که همراه با صنعت کشاورزی در حوزه آبخیز، مواد اولیه صنایع روبنایی مثل برق، صنایع فولاد، پتروشیمی و غذایی را تأمین می‌کنند. از سویی تغییرات توپوگرافی و اثرات زیست‌محیطی ناشی از معدنکاری و تأثیر آن بر سلامت انسان و حوزه‌های آبخیزداری غیرقابل‌چشم‌پوشی است. در این راستا تنها راهی که می‌توان به این دو هدف که ظاهراً متقابل یکدیگرند رسید عملیات تکمیل بازسازی و احیاء معادن است. ازآنجاکه بر اساس قانون معادن، فرآیند اکتشاف و بهره‌برداری، می‌تواند بدون لحاظ جدی منافع جوامع بومی، محلی و تعلقات عرفی و قانونی این ذی‌نفعان صورت گیرد، همواره موانع و تعارضات اجتماعی گریبان گیر معدن‌کاوی بوده است. نتایج نشان داد معدن‌کاوی در محیط‌زیست حوزه آبخیز در دچار مشکلاتی جدی است. در بعد اقتصادی و بهره‌برداری اجتماعی شاهد تضییع منابع و خام‌فروشی است، ازنظر محیط‌زیستی مخرب و ویرانگر، ازنظر اجتماعی نیز فاقد پذیرش و محبوبیت است. تداوم چنین رویکردی آشکارا به سود معدن نخواهد بود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
بازسازی
حقوقی
زیست‌محیطی
معادن روباز
حوزه آبخیز

عنوان مقاله English

Examining legal gaps in the restoration and environmental rehabilitation of open-pit mines

نویسندگان English

Mona Khodadadi Feijani 1
Shirin shirazian 2
Shahram Bikpour 3
bita Azadbakht 4
Ali Mohammadi 5
1 PhD Student in Environmental Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Water, Food and Processes, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Management, Environmental Law, Faculty of Agriculture, Water, Food and Processes, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Environment and Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Water, Food and Processes, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Basic Sciences, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
5 Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Planning, Faculty of Agriculture, Water, Food and Processes, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Access to mineral resources is vital for humanity. Mining, along with agriculture, is a foundational industry that provides essential raw materials for electricity, steel, petrochemicals, and food production. However, the topographical and environmental changes resulting from mining, as well as their effects on human health and watershed management, must be addressed. Achieving a balance between these competing interests requires effective restoration and rehabilitation of mining sites. Current mining laws often permit exploration and extraction without sufficiently considering the rights and interests of local communities, leading to social conflicts and operational challenges. The findings indicate that mining in watershed areas faces significant issues, including economic and social resource depletion and raw material exports, alongside environmental destruction and harm. Additionally, mining often lacks social acceptance and support. Continuing with this approach will not benefit the mining sector


کلیدواژه‌ها English

Reconstruction
Legal
Environmental
Open-pit Mining
Watershed
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