ارزیابی و تخمین روند خطر فرسایش آبی با کاربست و ارزیابی مدل ICONA (مطالعه موردی: استان کردستان)

نویسنده
احمد حجاریان
دانشگاه اصفهان
10.22034/wmji.2025.2055357.1104
چکیده
در حال حاضر فرسایش یکی از معضلات مهم زیست‏ محیطی حوزه‏ های آبخیز ایران به ‏شمار می‏ رود. فرسایش آبی یکی از عوامل اصلی بیابان‌زایی و تخریب اراضی در بسیاری از مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک است. لذا ارزیابی میزان و شدت این نوع هدررفت خاک در مدیریت آب‌وخاک جهت برنامه‌ریزی‌های مناسب بسیار ضروری است. هدف این تحقیق بررسی روند و شدت فرسایش آبی با استفاده از مدل ICONA داده‌های سنجش‌ازدور و (GIS) در استان کردستان می‌باشد. برای اجرای مدل ICONA ابتدا با تلفیق دولایه شیب و زمین‌شناسی، لایه فرسایش ­پذیری خاک تهیه شد. سپس لایه حفاظت خاک نیز با روی هم‌گذاری لایه‌های کاربری زمین و پوشش گیاهی تهیه گردید. درنهایت با ادغام دولایه فرسایش‌پذیری و حفاظت خاک نقشه خطر فرسایش آبی برای حوضه موردمطالعه تهیه گردید. نتایج این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که کلاس خطر فرسایش خیلی زیاد و زیاد 33 درصد می­ باشد. کلاس‌های خطر خیلی زیاد نشان از شدت بالای روند فرسایشی در منطقه موردمطالعه داشته که این مناطق بیش‌تر در شرق و جنوب شرق می ­باشند. لذا نیاز ضروری است که مدیران و برنامه­ ریزان با در نظر گرفتن اولویت گرفتن مناطق پرخطر با انجام اقدامات حفاظتی بیولوژیکی و مکانیکی ازجمله درخت‌‌کاری و نهال­کاری و هم‌چنین عملیات آبخیزداری در جهت کنترل و جلوگیری از پیشروی مناطق حساس در جهت حفاظت خاک اقدام نمایند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
استان کردستان
پهنه‌بندی
سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS)
فرسایش آبی

عنوان مقاله English

Assessment and Estimation of Water Erosion Risk Trend by Applying and Evaluating the ICONA Model (Case Study: Kurdistan Province)

نویسنده English

Ahmad hajarian
isfahan
چکیده English

Currently, erosion is considered one of the critical environmental problems of Iranian watersheds. Water erosion is one of the main factors of desertification and land degradation in many arid and semi-arid regions. Thus, assessing the rate and intensity of this type of soil loss in water and soil management is very necessary for appropriate planning. This research aims to investigate the trend and intensity of water erosion using the ICONA model, remote sensing data, and geographic information system (GIS) in Kurdistan Province. To implement the ICONA model, first, the soil erodibility layer was prepared by combining two layers of slope and geology. Then, the soil protection layer was prepared by superimposing the land use and vegetation layers. Finally, by combining the two layers of erodibility and soil protection, a water erosion risk map was prepared for the studied basin. The results of this study show that the erosion risk class is very high, at 33%. Very high-risk classes indicate the high intensity of the erosion process in the study area, which is mainly in the east and southeast. Therefore, it is essential that managers and planners, by considering the priority of the high-risk regions, take biological and mechanical protection measures, including tree planting and sapling planting, as well as watershed management operations, to control and prevent the advance of sensitive areas to protect the soil.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Geographic Information System (GIS)
ICONA Model
Kurdistan Province
Water erosion

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