مروری بر روشهای مختلف مقابله با سیلاب در ایران و دنیا و معرفی آبخیزداری سبز بهعنوان بهترین و پایدارترین روش نوین
نویسندگان
1
استادیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات حافظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات، آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج
2
دانشیار بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات، آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج
3
استادیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات جنگل ها و مراتع، مرکز تحقیقات، آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج
10.22034/wmji.2024.2030169.1072
چکیده
سیل یکی از حوادث طبیعی غیرمترقبه محسوب میشود که در اثر طغیان آب و زیرآب رفتن بخش قابلتوجهی از زمین رخ میدهد و با توجه به خسارات هنگفتی که به بار میآورد شناخت روشهای مختلف مقابله با سیل امری ضروری میباشد. این پژوهش بر روی روشهای مختلف مقابله با سیل در ایران و دنیا انجامشده است. برای انجام این پژوهش مطالب موردنیاز از منابع داخلی و خارجی جمعآوری شد و 51 روش مقابله با سیلاب بررسی شد. در این پژوهش سعی گردیده است نگرشی جامع بر همه روشهای مفید و کارآمد مقابله با سیل و درنهایت تجزیهوتحلیل اطلاعات بهدستآمده صورت گیرد. نتایج نشان داد بررسی همه روشهای مقابله با سیل و شناخت آنها و طریقه به کار بردن آنها برای محققین امری ضروری است و هرکدام از روشها نیز در مقیاس زمانی و مکانی خود میتواند در کاهش مؤثر سیل و جلوگیری از خسارت مفید باشد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که از بین 51 روش بررسیشده مقابله با سیلاب، 31 روش مربوط بهروشهای سازهای و 20 روش مربوط به روشهای غیره سازهای میباشند. نتایج همچنین نشان داد تا جایی که امکان دارد بهتر است از روشهای غیر سازهای برای کنترل سیلاب در حوزههای آبخیز استفاده شود و ازلحاظ زیستمحیطی و اقتصادی نیز باصرفهتر میباشد و دخالت کمتری هم در حوزههای آبخیز ایجاد میکند و در صورت لزوم از ترکیب روشهای سازهای با روشهای غیر سازهای استفاده شود و صرفاً از روشهای سازهای محض خودداری شود. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که آبخیزداری سبز میتواند بهعنوان روشی نوین برای مقابله با سیلاب در آینده گسترش یابد و تبدیل به بهترین و پایدارترین روش مقابله با سیل در ایران و دنیا شود؛ بنابراین توصیه میشود که آبخیزداری سبز موردتوجه مسئولین اجرایی کشور بهطورجدی قرار بگیرد.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله English
A Review of Different Methods of Dealing with Flood in Iran and the World and Introducing Green Watershed Management as the Best and Most Sustainable New Method
نویسندگان English
Hamzah saeediyan
1
bahram andarzian
2
banafshe yasrebi
3
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research, Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Kerman, Iran.
2
Associate Professor, Seed and plant Improvement Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Ahvaz, Iran.
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Forest and Rangeland Research, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Khuzestan, Iran.
چکیده English
Flood is one of the natural disasters that occur due to water outburst and submersion of a significant part of the land and due to the huge damage it causes, it is necessary to know different methods of dealing with floods. This study was performed different methods of dealing with floods in Iran and the world. For this study, the required materials were collected from domestic and foreign sources and 51 methods of flood management were investigated. In this research, we have tried to take a comprehensive approach on all useful and efficient methods of dealing with floods and finally analyzing the obtained information. The results showed that investigating all methods of flood control and their recognition and how to use them is essential for researchers, and each method can be useful in effective flood reduction and damage prevention in its time and spatial scales. The results also showed that between 51 methods of flood control, 31 were related to structural methods and 20 were related to other structural methods. The results also showed that as much as possible, it is better to use non-structural methods to control floods in watersheds, and it is more economical from an environmental and economic point of view, and it creates less interference in watersheds, and if necessary, a combination of structural methods with non-structural methods should be used, and only structural methods should be avoided. The results also showed that green watershed management can be developed as a new method to deal with floods in the future and become the best and most sustainable method of flood management in Iran and the world. Therefore, it is recommended that green watershed management be seriously considered by the country's executive authorities.
کلیدواژهها English
Climate
Hydrology
Hydraulic Slope
Flood
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