تعیین احجام فرسایش خندقی در کرانه‌های لُسی رودخانه اترک به روش نقشه‌برداری پهپادی (UAV) و نرم‌افزار Civil3D

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار، پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی
2 کارشناس نقشه‌برداری، پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی.
3 کارشناس ارشد مدیریت و کنترل بیابان، پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی.
10.22034/wmji.2025.2068286.1124
چکیده
این پژوهش باهدف ارائه توانمندی روش‌های فتوگرامتری و هوشمند در برآورد میزان هدررفت خاک فرسایش خندقی در طبقات لُسی کرانه‌های رودخانه اترک انجام‌شده است. فرسایش پیشرفته خندقی به شکل پنجه‌ای و تونلی عمودی - افقی به حدی است که اراضی پیرامون رودخانه اترک کاملاً تخریب‌شده و بخشی از آبراهه‌ها از طریق تونل‌ها به سمت پائین رودخانه با شیبی تا پنج درصد متصل می‌شوند. فتوگرامتری به‌عنوان روش داده‌برداری مطمئن شامل ایجاد شبکه بنچ‌مارک، زمین‌مرجع‌سازی آن‌ها، تعیین ردیف و ارتفاع پرواز، اجرای پرواز، ثبت تصاویر و ترازسازی آن‌ها، ایجاد ابرنقاط، مرجع‌سازی تصاویر با نقاط کنترل زمینی، تولید مدل رقومی ارتفاعی و تولید ارتوفتو در این پژوهش استفاده شد. مراحل پردازش داده‌ها برای محاسبه احجام از طریق نرم‌افزار Civil3D به‌وسیله ماژول متعادل‌سازی خط پروژه تا رسیدن به مقادیر برداشت/پُرسازی به انجام رسید. مدل رقومی ارتفاعی و ارتوفتو منطقه با دقت مکانی شش سانتی‌متر تولید شد. ارتوفتوها شناسایی پراکنش و تعداد تونل‌های فرسایشی را نیز میسر ساخته است. احجام خندق‌های واقع در پنج حوزه آبخیز مشرف بر رودخانه اترک با استفاده از روش یاد شده تعیین شد. مجموع هدررفت خاک ناشی از فرسایش خندقی و تونلی در کرانه‌های رودخانه اترک،  1627649/56 مترمکعب محاسبه گردید. خروجی روش یاد شده، برنامه‌ریزی عملیات تثبیت و هدفمند شدن اعتبارات دستگاه‌های اجرایی است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Determining the volume of gully erosion on the loess banks of the Atrak River using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveying and Civil 3D software

نویسندگان English

Mohammadreza Gharibreza 1
Majid Zarei 2
Fahimeh Rasooli 3
1 Associate Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
2 Surveying expert, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
3 Master of Desert Management and Control, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
چکیده English

The present study aimed to demonstrate the capability of photogrammetric and intelligent methods in measuring the amount of soil loss due to gully erosion in the loess layers of the Atrak River's banks. Advanced gully erosion, in the form of claws and vertical-horizontal tunnels, has progressed to the extent that the lands around the Atrak River are degraded, and parts of the waterways are connected to the downstream section of the river through tunnels with a slope of up to 5%. Photogrammetry is a reliable data generation method that includes creating a benchmark network, georeferencing, determining the flight row and height, flying, recording images, aligning them, creating point clouds, referencing with ground control points, producing elevation models, and orthophotos were used in this study. The data processing steps for calculating volumes were carried out using Civil3D software through the project line and balancing module for the complete construction of the cut/fill. The digital elevation model and orthophotography of the area were produced with a spatial resolution of 6 centimeters. Orthophotos have also enabled the identification of the distribution and number of erosional tunnels. The volumes of gully erosion located in the five immediate watersheds overlooking the Atrak River have been determined using the mentioned method. The total soil loss due to gully and tunnel erosion on the banks of the Atrak River has been calculated as 1,627,649.56 m2. The output of using the recommended method involves programming for gully erosion control and guiding the responsible organizations' budget consumption.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Atrak River Loess Bank
Civil3D
Photogrammetry
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) surveying
Volume of Gully Erosion
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