نویسندگان
1
عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
2
گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران
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دانش آموخته دکتری علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
چکیده
افزایش ناگهانی رشد جمعیت و به دنبال آن محدودیت و کمبود در عرضه منابع آب شیرین در سطح جهان باعث فراهم شدن شرایط جدیدی برای کشورهای واقع در کمربند خشک و نیمهخشک شده است. پروژههای متعددی ازجمله آبیاری و زهکشی، کنترل سیلاب و ساخت سد بهمنظور حفظ، بهبود و بهرهبرداری بهینه از این منابع باارزش اجراشده است. دراینبین سدها ابزاری بسیار مهمی برای مدیریت آب رودخانه برای توسعه اجتماعی-اقتصادی و همچنین بهبود وضعیت اکولوژیکی تخریبشده سیستم رودخانه و خدمات آنها به شمار میرود. سدها بسته به مکان و زمان درزمینه جریان زیستمحیطی دارای نقش منفی و مثبتی است که در این میان هزینههای زیستمحیطی آنها قابلتوجه میباشد. مطابق نتایج مستندات و گزارشهای انجامشده احداث سد دربرگیرنده تغییرات زیستمحیطی از جنبههای مختلف هجوم و افزایش گونههای مهاجم تا افزایش دسترسی به زیستگاههای تخمریزی برای ماهیان مهاجر بوده است. امروزه چالش پیش روی مدیران و دانشمندان درک و مدیریت بهتر عواقب ناشی از حذف سدها میباشد. به همین تقدیر هدف از نوشتار حاضر ارائه رویکردهای حذف سد بر تغییرات اکولوژیکی میباشد. نتایج این پژوهش میتواند اطلاعات باارزشی از تغییر رفتار سدها روی ویژگیهای محیطزیست را به کُنشگران بخشهای مربوطه ارائه دهد.
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