نقش پروژه‌های آبخیزداری در توسعه اقتصادی–اجتماعی جوامع محلی (مطالعه موردی: حوزه آبخیز ده‌نمک شهرستان آرادان)

نویسندگان
پیمان اکبرزاده 1
مهران اکبرزاده 2
1 محقق پژوهشی، گروه جنگل و مرتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان زنجان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،
2 دکتری تخصصی مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، پژوهشکده انگور ، همدان، ایران. ایمیل: mehran.akbarzadeh@stu.malayeru.ac.ir
10.22034/wmji.2026.2075814.1132
چکیده
پروژه‌های آبخیزداری به‌عنوان رویکردی یکپارچه در مدیریت منابع طبیعی، نقش کلیدی در توسعه پایدار جوامع محلی، به‌ویژه در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک، ایفا می‌کنند. این پژوهش باهدف بررسی تأثیر پروژه‌های آبخیزداری بر توسعه اقتصادی–اجتماعی ساکنان حوزه آبخیز ده‌نمک شهرستان آرادان انجام شد. جامعه آماری شامل ساکنان این حوضه بود که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران و اصلاح برای جمعیت محدود، حجم نمونه ۱۴۱ نفر تعیین و به روش تصادفی طبقه‌ای انتخاب شد. ابزار پژوهش پرسشنامه‌ای با ۱۲ گویه در سه بعد اقتصادی، اجتماعی و زیست‌محیطی بود که روایی آن توسط کارشناسان تأیید و پایایی آن با آلفای کرونباخ (بالاتر از 0/7) اثبات شد. تحلیل داده‌ها با نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه 26 و روش‌های تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی (EFA)، تأییدی (CFA) و معادلات ساختاری (SEM) انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد میانگین نگرش در بعد زیست‌محیطی (3/89)، اقتصادی (3/78) و اجتماعی (3/52) بالاتر از میانگین نظری (3) است. تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی سه عامل را شناسایی کرد که 81/27 درصد از واریانس را تبیین می‌کنند؛ بعد زیست‌محیطی با 44/61 درصد قوی‌ترین عامل بود. مدل CFA با شاخص‌های برازش (1/69=, χ²/df0/991= CFI0/041= RMSEA) تأیید شد. مدل SEM نشان داد بعد اجتماعی (0/72 β=) بیش‌ترین اثر مستقیم بر رضایت کلی دارد، درحالی‌که بعد زیست‌محیطی از طریق مسیرهای اقتصادی و اجتماعی، اثر غیرمستقیم قوی (1/02) ایجاد می‌کند. یافته‌ها حاکی از موفقیت چشمگیر پروژه‌ها در بهبود محیطی، تأثیر متوسط در اقتصاد و ضعف در مشارکت اجتماعی است. پیشنهاد می‌شود با اجرای مدل مدیریت آبخیزداری جامعه‌محور (CBWM)، تشکیل شوراهای محلی و آموزش مشارکتی، شکاف اجتماعی پر شود تا توسعه پایدار محقق گردد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
مدیریت آبخیزداری
توسعه پایدار روستایی
مشارکت جامعه‌محور
مدیریت منابع طبیعی
مشارکت محلی

عنوان مقاله English

The Role of Watershed Management Projects in the Socio-Economic Development of Local Communities (Case Study: Deh-Namak Watershed, Aradan County)

نویسندگان English

peyman Akbarzadeh 1
Mehran Akbarzadeh 2
1 Research Fellow, Forest and Rangeland Department, Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Zanjan, Iran. (Corresponding Author). Email:
2 Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering, Malayer University, Grape Research Institute, Malayer, Hamedan, Iran. Email: mehran.akbarzadeh@stu.malayeru.ac.ir
چکیده English

Watershed management projects, as an integrated approach to natural resource management, play a key role in sustainable development of local communities, particularly in semi-arid regions. The present study aimed to examine the impact of watershed management projects on the socio-economic development of residents in Deh-Namak watershed of Aradan County. The statistical population consisted of the local residents, and using Cochran’s formula adjusted for a finite population, a sample size of 141 individuals was selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of 12 items across three dimensions—economic, social, and environmental. The validity of the instrument was confirmed by experts, and its reliability was verified through Cronbach’s alpha (Higher than 0.7). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26 through exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicated that the mean scores of the environmental (3.89), economic (3.78), and social (3.52) dimensions were all higher than the theoretical average (3). The EFA identified three factors explaining 81.27% of the variance, with the environmental dimension being the strongest (44.61%), followed by the economic (22.38%) and social (14.28%) dimensions. The CFA model demonstrated acceptable goodness-of-fit indices (χ²/df = 1.69, CFI = 0.991, RMSEA = 0.041). The results of SEM showed that the social dimension (β = 0.72) had the strongest direct effect on overall satisfaction, while the environmental dimension exerted a significant indirect effect (1.02) through the economic and social pathways. Overall, the findings highlighted substantial success of the projects in environmental improvement, moderate economic impacts, and limited social participation. It is recommended that community-based watershed management (CBWM), establishment of local councils, and participatory training programs be implemented to bridge the social gap and achieve sustainable development.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Watershed management
Rural sustainable development
Community-based participation
Natural resources management
Local participation
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