تأثیر احیاء مکانیکی مراتع بر ذخایر کربن و تنوع گیاهی (مطالعه موردی: حوزه آبخیز ارنگه)
نویسندگان
1
دکتری علوم مرتع، اداره کل منابع طبیعی استان البرز
2
استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی مرتع، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
3
دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی مرتع، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
4
دکتری علوم مرتع، سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان مازندران
5
دانشیار گروه جغرافیای فیزیکی و منطقهای دانشگاه گرانادا، اسپانیا
10.22034/wmji.2026.2080495.1135
چکیده
گیاهان با عمل فتوسنتز خود مسئول اولیه ورود کربن و تکمیلکننده چرخه ذخیرهای آن در اکوسیستم هستند. به نظر میرسد تفاوتها در توانایی کمی و کیفی گیاهان در سطح پایه گیاهی و بهتبع آن تنوع گیاهان در سطح جامعه گیاهی مهمترین عامل تفاوت در توانایی جوامع گوناگون در ذخیره کربن باشد. هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی اثرات اقدامات آبخیزداری بر ارتباط بین ذخایر کربن و شاخصهای تنوع گونهای و کارکردی در حوزه آبخیز ارنگه استان البرز بود. اقدامات مکانیکی شامل سد گابیونی، سنگی ملاتی و کف بند ملاتی و یک سایت شاهد بودند. نمونهبرداری از پوشش گیاهی در فصل رویش به روش سیستماتیک- تصادفی در 400 پلات یک مترمربعی انجام گردید. در هر پلات ویژگیهای کارکردی گیاهان، زیستتوده اندامهای هوایی و زیرزمینی اندازهگیری و میزان ترسیب کربن آنها و لاشبرگ محاسبه شد. در هر ترانسکت تعداد دو نمونه خاک از دو عمق، در مجموع 80 نمونه خاک برداشت گردید. شاخصهای تنوع گونهای و کارکردی با استفاده از نرمافزار Fdiversity محاسبه شد. برای بررسی ارتباط بین ذخایر کربن، شاخصهای تنوع گونهای و کارکردی از رگرسیون خطی چند متغیره در نرمافزار R نسخه 3.1.1 استفاده شد. بیشترین مقدار ذخیره کربن گیاهی و کل ترسیب کربن خاک در تیمار گابیون مشاهده گردید. شاخصهای رائو، یکنواختی، شانون و تنوع کارکردی در کربن کل اکوسیستم تأثیرگذار بودند (0/003=p، 0/68=R2). بیشترین ضریب تعیین (R2) آنالیز رگرسیون در تیمار سنگی ملاتی و کفبند ملاتی مربوط به ترسیب کربن خاک به ترتیب به میزان 0/82 و 0/57 و در تیمار گابیون مربوط به کربن زیستتوده به میزان 0/72 بود. در کل اثر فعالیتهای آبخیزداری بر ترسیب کربن تابعی از عوامل مدیریتی، شرایط اقلیمی، نوع عملیات احیایی و شرایط فیزیکی و بیولوژیکی خاک است و برای تعیین مؤثرترین عوامل، توصیه میشود دادههای دقیق با تکرار کافی، همزمان با پروژههای احیایی و اصلاحی تهیه گردد.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله English
Effect of mechanical restoration methods in rangelands on plant diversity and carbon storage (Case study: Arangeh watershed)
نویسندگان English
hamed farzi
1
Zeinab Jafarian
2
Reza Tamartash
3
Mohammadreza Tatian
3
Mansoureh Kargar
4
Jesús Rodrigo Comino
5
1
Ph.D. in Rangeland Science, Natural Resources Administration of Alborz Province
2
Professor in Rangeland engineering and science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
3
Associate Professor in Rangeland engineering and science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
4
PhD in Rangeland Science, Keshavarzi Jihad of Mazandaran province
5
Associate Professor in Departamento de Análisis Geográfico Regional y Geografía Física, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spai
چکیده English
Plants, through their photosynthesis, are primarily responsible for the entry of carbon and complete its storage cycle in the ecosystem. It seems that differences in the quantitative and qualitative ability of plants at the individual level and, consequently, plant diversity at the community level are the most important factors in the differences in the ability of different communities to store carbon. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of mechanical restoration methods on the relationship between carbon stocks and species and functional diversity indices in the Arangeh watershed of Alborz province. Mechanical methods included gabion chekdam, mortar rock dam, mortar embankment, and a control site. Vegetation sampling was carried out in 400 one-square-meter plots during the growing season using a systematic-random method. In each plot, were measured functional characteristics of plants, biomass of aerial and underground organs, and were calculated litter and their carbon sequestration. In each transect, two soil samples were collected from two depths, 80 soil samples totally. Species and functional diversity indices were calculated using Fdiversity software. To investigate the relationship between carbon stocks, species, and functional diversity indices, was used multivariate linear regression using R software version 3.1.1. The highest amount of plant carbon stock and total soil carbon sequestration was observed in the gabion treatment. Rao, evenness, Shannon, and functional diversity indices were influential in total ecosystem carbon (p=0.003, R2=0.68). The highest coefficient of determination (R2) of regression analysis in the mortar stone and mortar bed treatments related to soil carbon sequestration were 0.82 and 0.57, respectively, and in the gabion treatment related to biomass carbon was 0.72. Totally, the effect of watershed management activities on carbon sequestration is a function of management factors, climatic conditions, type of restoration operations, and physical and biological conditions of the soil. To determine the most effective factors, it is recommended to prepare accurate data with sufficient repetition, simultaneously with restoration and improvement projects.
کلیدواژهها English
Carbon sequestration
Gabion chekdam
Mortar rock dam
Mortar embankment
Ecosystem function
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