پهنهبندی شدت فرسایش در حوزه آبخیز سد فرخی با استفاده از مدل تصمیمگیری SWARA
نویسندگان
دانشیار، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.
10.22034/wmji.2026.2079468.1134
چکیده
فرسایش خاک بهعنوان یکی از جدیترین چالشهای طبیعت، موجب تخریب اراضی و کاهش ظرفیت سدها میشود؛ بنابراین، فرسایش خاک نهتنها به نابودی زمینهای کشاورزی و پوشش گیاهی منجر میشود، بلکه با پر کردن مخازن سدها، تأثیر مستقیمی بر منابع آبی کشور دارد. مقابله با این پدیده نیازمند برنامهریزی دقیق، احیای پوشش گیاهی از طریق اجرای طرحهای مرتعداری و آبخیزداری میباشد. این مطالعه باهدف پهنهبندی شدت فرسایش در حوزه آبخیز سد فرخی در شهرستان قاین استان خراسان جنوبی و با بهرهگیری از مدل تصمیمگیری چندمعیاره SWARA انجام شد. بدین منظور از ده معیار شامل شیب، جهت شیب، کاربری اراضی، پوشش گیاهی، زمینشناسی، ژئومورفولوژی، بارش، نفوذپذیری خاک، فاصله از رودخانه و بافت خاک مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. پس از وزندهی به معیارها با استفاده از مدل SWARA، لایههای اطلاعاتی در محیط سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی تلفیق و نقشه نهایی شدت فرسایش تولید و به سه طبقه کم، متوسط و شدید تقسیم شد. نتایج حاصل از بررسی نشان داد که معیار شیب و زمینشناسی به ترتیب بااهمیت نسبی 0/15 و 0/13 بیشترین تأثیر را در فرسایش منطقه داشته است. همچنین بر اساس نقشه نهایی حدود 29 درصد از حوضه، در کلاس فرسایش شدید قرار دارد که عمدتاً منطبق بر واحدهای شیبدار، زمینشناسی مارنی و پوشش گیاهی ضعیف هستند، این پهنهها اغلب در مجاورت آبراهههای اصلی و در بخشهای مرکزی حوضه که جمعیت بیشتر دارند، تمرکز یافتهاند.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله English
Zoning of Erosion Intensity in the Farokhi Dam Watershed Using the SWARA Decision-Making Model
نویسندگان English
Javad Chezgi
Moslem Rostampor
Associate Professor, Rangeland and Watershed Management Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
چکیده English
Soil erosion, as one of the most serious challenges of nature, causes land degradation and reduces the capacity of dams; therefore, soil erosion not only leads to the destruction of agricultural lands and vegetation, but also has a direct impact on the country's water resources by filling dam reservoirs. Dealing with this phenomenon requires careful planning, revitalization of vegetation through the implementation of rangeland and watershed management plans. This study was conducted with the aim of zoning the erosion intensity in the Farokhi Dam watershed in Qain County, South Khorasan Province, using the SWARA multi-criteria decision-making model. For this purpose, ten criteria including slope, slope direction, land use, vegetation, geology, geomorphology, precipitation, soil permeability, distance from the river, and soil texture were evaluated. After weighting the criteria using the SWARA model, the information layers were integrated in the GIS environment and a final erosion intensity map was produced and divided into three classes: low, medium, and severe. The results of the study showed that the slope and geology criteria had the greatest impact on the erosion of the region with a relative importance of 0.15 and 0.13, respectively. Also, based on the final map, about 29% of the basin is in the severe erosion class, which mainly corresponds to sloping units, marly geology, and poor vegetation. These areas are often concentrated in the vicinity of the main waterways and in the central parts of the basin where the population is higher.
کلیدواژهها English
Soil erosion
decision-making model
Ggeographic Information System
zoning
South Khorasan Province
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