واکاوی مشارکت آبخیزنشینان در طرح های آبخیزداری

نویسندگان
سید مسعود سلیمان‌پور 1
امین صالح پور جم 2
جمال مصفائی 2
1 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج
2 دانشیار پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
10.22034/wmji.2026.2092636.1142
چکیده
مشارکت، فرآیندی است که از طریق آن افراد، گروه‌­ها و سازمان­‌ها نقش فعالی در اتخاذ و اجرای تصمیماتی ایفا می­کنند که به‌­طور مستقیم روی آن‌­ها تأثیرگذار است. عدم توجه به مشارکت ذی­نفعان و به‌­ویژه آبخیزنشینان در اجرای بسیاری از طرح‌­های آبخیزداری کاهش انگیزه را در مراحل پس از اجرای طرح‌­ها و به‌ویژه حفاظت از آن‌­ها را به دنبال داشته است. با توجه به اهمیت موضوع، در این پژوهش به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و بررسی و تشریح منابع مرتبط، اقدام به واکاوی مشارکت آبخیزنشینان در طرح‌­های آبخیزداری شده است. یافته‌­ها نشان داد یک مشارکت همه‌­جانبه شامل مشارکت در تصمیم­‌گیری، اجرا، سهم بردن از منابع و مشارکت در نظارت و نگهداری از طرح‌­ها می‌باشد. هم‌چنین موفقیت طرح­‌های آبخیزداری درگرو اهداف چندمنظوره آن در سطوح مختلف فنی، اجتماعی، سیاسی، اقتصادی و فرهنگی می­‌باشد. بهبود عملکرد در طرح­‌های آبخیزداری زمانی محقق خواهد شد که آبخیزنشینان به تعیین مشکلات کمک کنند؛ اولویت­‌ها را تعیین نمایند؛ فناوری­‌ها و سیاست‌­ها را انتخاب و نظارت و ارزیابی اثرات را انجام دهند؛ زیرا مشارکت پایدار، سبب ارتقاء توانمندی‌ها و بهره‌وری بهینه از تمام امکانات و منابع موجود در حوزه­‌های آبخیز می‌شود. پیشنهاد می­‌شود سیاست­‌گذاران و مجریان نسبت به ارتقاء سطح آگاهی‌‏های عمومی جوامع محلی، بالابردن ظرفیت تشکل‏‌های‏ مردمی، ایجاد ساختار مناسب برای جذب‏ حداکثری مشارکت زنان و ایجاد ساختار مناسب برای تشکیل و جذب مشارکت سازمان‏های غیردولتی، اقدام­‌های جدی صورت گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
آبخیزداری
آبخیزنشینان
توسعه پایدار
مشارکت

عنوان مقاله English

Exploring the participation of watershed residents in watershed management projects

نویسندگان English

Seyed Masoud Soleimanpour 1
Amin Salehpour Jam 2
Jamal Mosaffaie 2
1 Associate Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Participation is a process through which individuals, groups, and organizations play an active role in making and implementing decisions that directly affect them. Lack of attention to the participation of stakeholders, especially watershed residents, in the implementation of many watershed management projects has led to a decrease in motivation in the stages after the implementation of the projects, especially their protection. Given the importance of the issue, this study has used a descriptive-analytical method and examined and explained related sources to examine the participation of watershed residents in watershed management projects. The findings showed that comprehensive participation includes participation in decision-making, implementation, sharing of resources, and participation in monitoring and maintaining the projects. Also, the success of watershed management projects lies in its multi-purpose objectives at various technical, social, political, economic, and cultural levels. Performance improvement in watershed management plans will be achieved when watershed residents help identify problems; set priorities; select technologies and policies; and monitor and evaluate impacts; because sustainable participation leads to enhanced capabilities and optimal utilization of all facilities and resources available in watersheds. It is recommended that policymakers and implementers take serious steps to raise public awareness of local communities, increase the capacity of grassroots organizations, create a suitable structure to maximize women's participation, and create a suitable structure to form and attract the participation of non-governmental organizations.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Watershed management
watershed residents
sustainable development
participation
1.      Ashoori Latmahalleh, D., Bagheri, A., Allahyari, M.S., and Michailidis, A. 2016. Understanding the attitudes and practices of paddy farmers for enhancing soil and water conservation in Northern Iran. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 4(4), 260-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2016.09.003
2.      Bagherian, R. 2018. Measuring the attitude of watershed residents towards watershed management activities in rural areas. Final report of the research project, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute (In Persian).
3.      Bagherian, R., Bahaman, A.S., Asnarulkhadi, A.S., and Shamsuddin, A. 2009. A social exchange approach to people’s participation in watershed management programs in Iran. European Journal of Scientific Research, 34(3), 428-441. ISSN 1450-216X
4.      CIS. 2003. Guidance Document No. 8. Public Participation in Relation to the Water Framework Directive. Produced by Working Group. 2.9, Public Participation.
5.      Clayton, A., Oakley, P., and Pratt, B. 1998. Empowering people; a guidebook to participation. New York: United Nations Development Programme, 112 pages.
6.      Dastorani, M.T., Talebi, A., and Naferzadeghan, A.R. 2009. Investigating the importance and strategies for developing public participation in watershed management projects. Forest and Rangeland Journal, 84: 74-79. (In Persian).
7.      Davudirad, A., Salehpour Jam, A., Najmi, M., and Akhondi, O. 2021. Identifying and prioritizing effective factors in preventing participation of rural societies in watershed management projects: A Case study of Bozijan Watershed, Markazi province, Iran. Desert Ecosystem Engineering Journal, 10(30), 52-64. https://doi.org/10.22052/deej.2021.10.30.31
8.      Farhadi, M., Motashaffeh, B., Roshun, S.H., and Hashem Geloogerdi, S. 2025. Determinants of local community participation in watershed management projects (Case Study: Qaleh-Rak Watershed, Masjed Soleyman). Iranian Journal of Watershed Management Science, 19(70), 57-72. (In Persian). http://dx.doi.org/10.22034.19.70.4
9.      Ghahari, G.R., Soleimanpour, S.M., Salehpour Jam, A., Noroozi, A.A., and Nekooeian, G.A. 2021. Prioritizing affecting factors on barriers sustainable non participation of rural communities in aquifer management projects from a beneficiary's Perspective in Bishezard Watershed of Fars Province. Journal of Watershed Management Research, 12(23), 202-211. https://doi.org/10.52547/jwmr.12.23.202
10.  Ikhlas, N., and Ramadan, B.S. 2024. Community-based watershed management (CBWM) for climate change adaptation and mitigation: Research trends, gaps, and factors assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 434, 140031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140031
11.  Jafari, M.R., and Salehpour Jam, A. 2024. Identification and Prioritization of Effective Factors on Preventing Participation of Rural Societies in Watershed Management Plans in Asman Abad Watershed of Ilam Province. Watershed Management Research Journal, 36(4), 2-16. https://doi.org/10.22092/wmrj.2023.360304.1493
12.  Kateb, F., Esmali Ouri, A., Mostafazadeh, R., Sharari, M., and Hazbavi, Z. 2025. Index-based assessment of stakeholder perception for participatory sustainable soil and water resources in a mountainous landscape. Evaluation and Program Planning, 112, 102643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2025.102643
13.  Khalighi, N., Chakoshy, B., and Kia, M. 2006. A Study of the Role of Population, Indigenous Technology and Ownership in People`s Participation in Rangelands Proper Exploitation. (Chahkand Watershed, Birjand). Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 59(3), 741-757 (In Persian).
14.  Malekmohammadi, A. 1995. A study on indicators of public participation in natural resource management. Jahad Magazine, 182-183: 17-24 (In Persian).
15.  Noor, H., Salehpour Jam, A., and Rajai, S.H. 2022. Comparison of effective factors on preventing participation of rural societies in watershed management plans based on local people and expert's viewpoints. Journal of Watershed Engineering and Management, 14(3), 400-411. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22092/ijwmse.2021.127630.1713
16.  Patricia, E., and Perkins, E. 2011. Public Participation in Watershed Management: International Practices for Inclusiveness. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 36(5-6), 204-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2010.02.004
17.  Poudyal, B., and Upadhaya, S. 2026. Drivers of the local community’s participation in sustainable watershed management. Poudyal and Upadhaya Discover Sustainability, 7, 628. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-026-02981-9
18.  Reed, M.S. 2008. Stakeholder Participation for Environmental Management: A Literature Review. Biological Conservation, 141(10), 2417- 2431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.07.014
19.  Salehpour Jam, A., Sarreshtehdari, A., and Tabatabaei, M. 2018. Prioritizing preventing factors affecting on stakeholders' participation in watershed plans based on experts' idea, case study: watershed area surrounding city of Tehran. Journal of Watershed Engineering and Management, 9(4), 441-450. (In Persian).  https://doi.org/10.22092/ijwmse.2017.113463
20.  Sheikh, V., and Mostafizadeh, R. 2013. Guide to Watershed Management Projects. Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Publications, 430 pages. (In Persian).  
21.  Shunglu, R.., Kopke, S.., Kanoi, L.., Nissanka, T.S.., Withanachchi, C.R.., Gamage, D.U., Dissanayake, H.R., Kibaroglu, A., Unver, O., and Withanachchi, S.S. 2022. Barriers in Participative Water Governance: A Critical Analysis of Community Development Approaches. Water, 14, 762. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14050762
22.  Soltani, A., Ghazavi, R., and Dokhani, S. 2026. Analysis of participation groups in the context of demographic characteristics of the Benchele Watershed of Kermanshah Province. Watershed Management Research, 38(4), 53-71. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22092/WMRJ.2025.369261.1620
23.  Soleimanpour, S.M. 2019. Prioritizing factors affecting the lack of sustainable participation of rural communities in watershed management projects (Case study: selected watersheds of Fars province). Final report of the research project, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, 96 pages. (In Persian).
24.  Soleimanpour, S.M., Hosseini Marandi, H., Salehpour Jam, A., Tabatabaei, M.R., Rousta, M., and Keshavarzi, H. 2020. Prioritizing factors affecting the lack of participation of rural communities in watershed management projects from the perspective of watershed residents (case study: Gheshlagh watershed, Fars province). Journal of Extension and Development of Watershed Management, 7(27), 64-74. (In Persian).
25.  Soleimanpour, S.M., Ghahari, G.R., Salehpour Jam, A., Tabatabaei, M.R., and Hedayatfard, M. 2021. Prioritization of factors affecting the non-participation of exploiters in watershed management projects (Case Study: Chikan and Morzian Watershed of Sepidan, Fars Province). Geographical Space, 21(73), 87-102. (In Persian). https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.1735322.1400.21.73.6.8
26.  Stefano, L. 2010. Facing the water framework directive challenges: a baseline of stakeholder participation in the European Union. Journal of Environmental Management, 91(6), 1332-1340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.02.014
27.  Talaei, R., Salehpour Jam, A., and Beyrami, B. 2023. Prioritization of Factors Influencing People's Participation in Watershed Management Projects of Siyahposh Basin, Ardabil Province, Iran. Water Harvesting Research, 6(1), 70-87. https://doi.org/10.22077/jwhr.2023.6629.1096
28.  Taleshi, M., and Effati, M. 2011. Participatory Planning. Payam-e-Noor University Press, 208 pages. (In Persian).
29.  Zeng, D., Chen, B., Wang, J., Innes, J.L., Lu, J., Guo, F., Yan, Y., and Wang, G. 2024. Determinants of public participation in watershed management in Southeast China: An Application of the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework. Land, 13, 1824. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13111824